Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIGURE 1.
Variations in relative proportions of air, blood, lung tissue (parenchymal/airway and endothelial cells) and immune cells, and water by lung disease. Proportions of blood and tissue in brain are also shown for comparison.
- FIGURE 2.
Schematic of 3-compartment model describing kinetics of tracer in lung tissue (CT). CB is concentration in blood, C1 is concentration in reversible compartment, C2 is concentration in irreversible (trapped) compartment, CT is total tracer concentration in tissue, CM is measured concentration in voxel or region, CA is concentration in air, VA is fractional air volume, VB is fractional blood volume, and Ki is metabolic rate constant of 18F-FDG. Rate constants are represented as K1, k2, and k3. A full derivation has been previously published (34).
- FIGURE 3.
Increased intercept-normalized Patlak Ki in upper lobes of lungs of COPD patients correlates inversely with pulmonary function testing. (A) Three-dimensional imaging illustrating predominantly apical distribution of pulmonary 18F-FDG uptake in patient with COPD. Maximum signal of this color spectrum is represented by white, and minimum signal by black. (B) Relationship between upper-zone 18F-FDG uptake and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (percentage predicted) in COPD group (n = 10). One-tailed P value is shown. (Reprinted with permission of (17).)
- FIGURE 4.
Patlak Ki parametric images from IPF patient undergoing dynamic 18F-FDG study. (A) CT image displaying regions of obvious fibrosis (white arrows) and region of normal-appearing tissue (black arrow). (B–D) Patlak parametric images before air and blood correction (B), after air fraction correction (C), and after air and blood fraction correction (D). All images have been normalized such that they can be shown on same arbitrary gray scale. Images have been masked to show only lung. (Reprinted from (21).)
Tables
- TABLE 1
Summary of Human Studies Evaluating Quantitative Parameters for 18F-FDG Uptake in Lungs
Cohort Publication No. of subjects Parameters derived from PET imaging data Correlative data ARDS Bellani et al., 2009 (19) 10 Patlak Ki PFTs ARDS Bellani et al., 2011 (18) 13 Patlak Ki PFTs ARDS/HV Grecchi et al., 2016 (20) 11/5 CM Ki, Patlak Ki, SUV None ARDS model in HV Chen et al., 2006 (57) 18 Patlak Ki BAL neutrophil 3H-deoxyglucose uptake ARDS model in HV Chen et al., 2009 (56) 18 Patlak Ki BAL Asthma–BC Taylor et al., 1996 (24) 9 Patlak Ki BAL Asthma–BC Harris et al., 2011 (8) 6 Patlak Ki BAL COPD/asthma/HV Jones et al., 2003 (10) 6/6/5 Patlak KiN 11C-PBR28 uptake, PFT, sputum COPD/HV/AATD COPD Subramanian et al., 2012 (17) 10/10/10 Patlak KiN PFTs COPD Torigian et al., 2013 (39) 49 AFC SUV None Cystic fibrosis/control Labiris et al., 2003 (16) 8/3 Patlak Ki Sputum Cystic fibrosis/HV Chen et al., 2006 (7) 20/7 Patlak Ki, KiN BAL and PFTs Cystic fibrosis Klein et al., 2009 (25) 20 SUV PFTs, WBC, CRP Cystic fibrosis/control Amin et al., 2012 (15) 20/10 SUV PFTs, sputum, CT metrics HV Lambrou et al., 2011 (38) 12 AFC SUV None Interstitial lung diseases, including IPF Groves et al., 2009 (11) 18 IPF/18 other interstitial lung diseases SUV, TBR PFTs IPF Umeda et al., 2015 (40) 50 Dual-time-point SUV CT-derived fibrosis score, PFTs IPF Holman et al., 2015 (21) 6 ABC Patlak Ki, ABC CM Ki None IPF Win et al., 2012 (22) 13 AFC SUV None IPF/control Win et al., 2014 (23) 25/25 AFC SUV None Pneumonia/bronchiectasis Jones et al., 1997 (9) 5/5 KiN None AATD = α1 antitrypsin deficiency; ABC = air- and blood-corrected; AFC = air fraction–corrected; BAL = bronchoalveolar lavage; BC = bronchoscopic challenge; CM = compartmental model; CRP = C-reactive protein; HV = healthy volunteer; KiN = intercept-normalized Ki; PFT = pulmonary function test; TBR = target-to-background ratio.
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