Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIGURE 1.
Flow diagram of participants in current study. DAHF = decompensated acute heart failure; UCG = ultrasound cardiography; 6M = after 6 mo of hospital discharge.
- FIGURE 2.
Kaplan–Meier survival curves of cardiac death–free rates in patients with CHF divided into 2 groups according to Δ-WR. Patients with Δ-WR greater than or equal to −5% had significantly greater cardiac death rates than their counterparts (P < 0.001).
- FIGURE 3.
Kaplan–Meier survival curves of sudden death–free rates in patients with CHF divided into 2 groups according to Δ-WR. Patients with Δ-WR greater than or equal to −2% had significantly greater sudden death rates than their counterparts (P < 0.001).
Tables
Univariable analysis Multivariable analysis Predictor Hazard ratio 95% CI P Hazard ratio 95% CI P Age (y) 1.024 0.999–1.051 0.064 1.010 0.983–1.038 0.468 Sex, male 1.468 0.830–2.596 0.187 1.177 0.630–2.197 0.609 Etiology, ischemic 0.831 0.486–1.420 0.498 0.726 0.400–1.318 0.293 NYHA, baseline 1.328 0.889–1.985 0.166 1.798 0.936–3.440 0.078 NYHA, follow-up 1.492 0.948–2.122 0.087 1.144 0.789–1.658 0.477 β-blocker 0.495 0.280–0.875 0.015 0.694 0.371–1.298 0.252 Δ-% denervation 1.063 1.041–1.086 <0.001 1.016 0.980–1.054 0.380 Δ-H/M ratio 0.958 0.942–0.973 <0.001 0.996 0.970–1.023 0.784 Δ-WR 1.072 1.049–1.097 <0.001 1.046 1.007–1.086 0.019 Δ-LVESV 1.010 1.004–1.016 0.001 1.003 0.990–1.015 0.692 Δ-LVEF 0.952 0.922–0.983 0.003 0.962 0.911–1.016 0.163 CI = confidence interval.
Univariable analysis Multivariable analysis Predictor Hazard ratio 95% CI P Hazard ratio 95% CI P Age (y) 1.023 0.971–1.078 0.394 0.990 0.939–1.043 0.704 β-blocker 0.200 0.044–0.905 0.037 0.327 0.063–1.685 0.182 Δ-WR 1.139 1.082–1.198 <0.001 1.146 1.081–1.214 <0.001 Δ-LVEF 0.944 0.885–1.008 0.086 0.959 0.898–1.025 0.215 Characteristic Did not have cardiac death (n = 152) Had cardiac death (n = 56) P Age (y) 68 ± 12 71 ± 10 0.066 Sex, male 91 (59.9%) 39 (69.6%) 0.258 Ischemic etiology 67 (44.1%) 22 (39.3%) 0.636 NYHA (baseline), I/II/III/IV 0/54/91/7 0/16/31/9 0.723 NYHA (follow-up), I/II/III/IV 34/63/54/1 6/23/27/0 0.860 123I-MIBG scintigraphy Baseline % denervation 58 ± 11 60 ± 7 0.239 Baseline H/M ratio 169 ± 19 158 ± 22 0.001 Baseline WR (%) 47 ± 10 53 ± 10 <0.001 Second % denervation 48 ± 14 61 ± 13 <0.001 Second H/M ratio 182 ± 22 158 ± 23 <0.001 Second WR (%) 41 ± 11 57 ± 12 <0.001 Δ-% denervation −10 ± 12 0 ± 11 <0.001 Δ-H/M ratio 14 ± 16 0 ± 16 <0.001 Δ-WR (%) −6 ± 11 4 ± 10 <0.001 Echocardiography Baseline LVEDV (mL) 181 ± 45 187 ± 34 0.401 Baseline LVESV (mL) 122 ± 41 133 ± 40 0.106 Baseline LVEF (%) 33 ± 8 30 ± 9 0.014 Second LVEDV (mL) 162 ± 50 187 ± 46 0.001 Second LVESV (mL) 101 ± 46 130 ± 52 <0.001 Second LVEF (%) 40 ± 10 33 ± 11 <0.001 Δ-LVEDV (mL) −19 ± 35 0 ± 24 <0.001 Δ-LVESV (mL) −22 ± 34 −3 ± 22 <0.001 Δ-LVEF (%) 6 ± 8 3 ± 6 0.001 Pharmacotherapy ACE inhibitor 102 (67.1%) 35 (62.5%) 0.621 ARB 103 (67.8%) 31 (55.4%) 0.105 β-blocker 75 (49.3%) 17 (30.4%) 0.018 Spironolactone 65 (42.8%) 17 (30.4%) 0.113 Values are mean ± SD or number followed by percentage in parentheses.
Characteristic Did not have sudden death (n = 195) Had sudden death (n = 13) P Age (y) 68 ± 11 71 ± 11 0.454 Sex, male 120 (61.2%) 10 (76.9%) 0.379 Ischemic etiology 83 (42.6%) 6 (46.2%) 0.782 NYHA (baseline), I/II/III/IV 0/66/108/21 0/4/5/4 0.792 NYHA (follow-up), I/II/III/IV 38/82/74/1 2/4/7/0 0.094 123I-MIBG scintigraphy Baseline % denervation 59 ± 11 59 ± 8 0.944 Baseline H/M ratio 167 ± 20 157 ± 24 0.106 Baseline WR (%) 48 ± 11 56 ± 9 0.008 Second % denervation 51 ± 14 66 ± 13 <0.001 Second H/M ratio 178 ± 24 146 ± 22 <0.001 Second WR (%) 44 ± 12 68 ± 8 <0.001 Δ-% denervation −8 ± 12 8 ± 10 <0.001 Δ-H/M ratio 11 ± 16 −11 ± 15 <0.001 Δ-WR (%) −4 ± 11 12 ± 10 <0.001 Echocardiography Baseline LVEDV (mL) 183 ± 43 186 ± 27 0.762 Baseline LVESV (mL) 124 ± 41 138 ± 37 0.241 Baseline LVEF (%) 33 ± 8 27 ± 10 0.013 Second LVEDV (mL) 167 ± 50 199 ± 45 0.026 Second LVESV (mL) 106 ± 48 145 ± 54 0.005 Second LVEF (%) 38 ± 11 29 ± 11 0.002 Δ-LVEDV (mL) −16 ± 32 12 ± 26 0.003 Δ-LVESV (mL) −18 ± 32 7 ± 23 0.005 Δ-LVEF (%) 6 ± 8 2 ± 4 0.106 Pharmacotherapy ACE inhibitor 130 (66.7%) 7 (53.8%) 0.374 ARB 127 (65.1%) 7 (53.8%) 0.551 β-blocker 88 (45.1%) 4 (30.8%) 0.313 Spironolactone 77 (39.5%) 5 (38.5%) 0.942 Values are mean ± SD or number followed by percentage in parentheses.
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