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OtherBasic Science Investigations

Performance of a Brain PET Camera Based on Anger-Logic Gadolinium Oxyorthosilicate Detectors

Joel S. Karp, Suleman Surti, Margaret E. Daube-Witherspoon, Richard Freifelder, Christopher A. Cardi, Lars-Eric Adam, Kilian Bilger and Gerd Muehllehner
Journal of Nuclear Medicine August 2003, 44 (8) 1340-1349;
Joel S. Karp
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Suleman Surti
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Margaret E. Daube-Witherspoon
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Richard Freifelder
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Christopher A. Cardi
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Lars-Eric Adam
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Kilian Bilger
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Gerd Muehllehner
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Abstract

A high-sensitivity, high-resolution brain PET scanner (“G-PET”) has been developed. This scanner is similar in geometry to a previous brain scanner developed at the University of Pennsylvania, the HEAD Penn-PET, but the detector technology and electronics have been improved to achieve enhanced performance. Methods: This scanner has a detector ring diameter of 42.0 cm with a patient aperture of 30.0 cm and an axial field of view of 25.6 cm. It comprises a continuous light-guide that couples 18,560 (320 × 58 array) 4 × 4 × 10 mm3 gadolinium oxyorthosilicate (GSO) crystals to 288 (36 × 8 array) 39-mm photomultiplier tubes in a hexagonal arrangement. The scanner operates only in 3-dimensional (3D) mode because there are no interplane septa. Performance measurements on the G-PET scanner were made following National Electrical Manufacturers Association NU 2–2001 procedures for most measurements, although NU 2–1994 procedures were used when these were considered more appropriate for a brain scanner (e.g., scatter fraction and counting-rate performance measurements). Results: The transverse and axial resolutions near the center are 4.0 and 5.0 mm, respectively. At a radial offset of 10 cm, these numbers deteriorate by approximately 0.5 mm. The absolute sensitivity of this scanner measured with a 70-cm long line source is 4.79 counts per second (cps)/kBq. The scatter fraction measured with a line source in a 20-cm-diameter × 19-cm-long cylinder is 39% (for a lower energy threshold of 410 keV). For the same cylinder, the peak noise equivalent counting rate is 60 kcps at an activity concentration of 7.4 kBq/mL (0.20 μCi/mL), whereas the peak true coincidence rate is 132 kcps at an activity concentration of 14 kBq/mL (0.38 μCi/mL). Images from the Hoffman brain phantom as well as 18F-FDG patient scans illustrate the high quality of images acquired on the G-PET scanner. Conclusion: The G-PET scanner attains the goal of high performance for brain imaging through the use of an Anger-logic GSO detector design with continuous optical coupling. This detector design leads to good energy resolution, which is needed in 3D imaging to minimize scatter and random coincidences.

  • PET
  • brain imaging
  • gadolinium oxyorthosilicate

Footnotes

  • Received Oct. 8, 2002; revision accepted Mar. 28, 2003.

    For correspondence or reprints contact: Joel S. Karp, PhD, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104.

    E-mail: karp{at}rad.upenn.edu

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Journal of Nuclear Medicine
Vol. 44, Issue 8
August 1, 2003
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Performance of a Brain PET Camera Based on Anger-Logic Gadolinium Oxyorthosilicate Detectors
Joel S. Karp, Suleman Surti, Margaret E. Daube-Witherspoon, Richard Freifelder, Christopher A. Cardi, Lars-Eric Adam, Kilian Bilger, Gerd Muehllehner
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Aug 2003, 44 (8) 1340-1349;

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Performance of a Brain PET Camera Based on Anger-Logic Gadolinium Oxyorthosilicate Detectors
Joel S. Karp, Suleman Surti, Margaret E. Daube-Witherspoon, Richard Freifelder, Christopher A. Cardi, Lars-Eric Adam, Kilian Bilger, Gerd Muehllehner
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Aug 2003, 44 (8) 1340-1349;
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