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Reply: Re: The So-Called Stunning of Thyroid Tissue

University of Michigan Heath Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan

In the review of the literature for our paper (1), we overlooked the report by Hilditch et al. (2). We regret this omission.

The letter by Hilditch et al. makes a case for some stunning effects from diagnostic doses of ¹³¹I. However, points in the letter and in their paper (2) leave uncertainties.

Several differences in methods may have contributed to the differences between our results and those of Hilditch et al. We administered therapeutic ¹³¹I immediately after the last measurements of diagnostic radioiodine. In the Hilditch communication, there was an interval of 3–38 d between the end of diagnostic testing and ingestion of the therapeutic dose of ¹³¹I. The effects of prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone are unknown. For diagnostic ¹³¹I, we administered 37 MBq (1 mCi), in contrast to the 120 MBq (3.2 mCi) administered by Hilditch et al. The consequences of the differences in diagnostic dose are unknown.

Hilditch et al. reported that when ¹²³I was the diagnostic agent, the therapeutic-to-diagnostic ratio was 58.8%. To account for this ratio, a substantial loss of therapeutic radioactivity must have occurred between day 1 (the time when ¹²³I was measured) and day 3 after the therapeutic dose of ¹³¹I. The report also stated that, in some patients, ¹³¹I was measured a second time during the 1–3 d after treatment. No individual data points were recorded, but the mean of the differences between the 2 measurements was found to be insignificant. Yet, the obligatory loss of radioactivity was unlikely to have been instantaneous; the loss at the earlier time should have been less than the loss at 3 d. Thus, their assays of radioactivity must be associated with uncertainty.

In the Hilditch paper, the therapeutic-to-diagnostic ratio after diagnostic doses of ¹²³I (58.8%) and ¹³¹I (32.8%) were significantly different. But after diagnostic ¹²³I and ¹³¹I, both ranges for the therapeutic-to-diagnostic ratios varied considerably (17%–130% and 6%–93%, respectively) and overlapped appreciably. The possibility exists that most of the decline in the ratios of both groups arose from the effects of the treatment doses.

With regard to our technique for acquiring data from high levels of radioactivity, linearity existed at the counting rates observed even after the largest treatment doses in our patients. We acknowledged the limitations in the applications of our measurements. However, the general pattern of our results suggested that much, if not all, of the differences between diagnostic and therapeutic concentrations of ¹³¹I in thyroid tissue result from the radiation injury inflicted by the treatment dose, at least when the diagnostic dose was 37 MBq.

References

1. Sisson JC, Avram AM, Lawson SA, Gauger PG, Doherty GM. The so-called stunning of thyroid tissue. J Nucl Med. 2006;47:1406–1412.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
2. Hilditch TE, Dempsey MF, Bolster AA, McMenemin RM, Reed NS. Self-stunning in thyroid ablation: evidence from comparative studies of diagnostic ¹³¹I and ¹²³I. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2002;29:783–788.[CrossRef][Medline]

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