FIGURE 1. Effects of carvedilol on hemodynamic parameters. Although central venous pressure, mean blood pressure, peak left ventricular pressure, and ±dP/dt did not differ between groups V and C, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was significantly lower in group C than in group V. BP = blood pressure; CVP = central venous pressure; LVP = left ventricular pressure; max = maximum; min = minimum.

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