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Comparison of Uptake of Multiple Clinical Radiotracers into Brown Adipose Tissue Under Cold-Stimulated and Nonstimulated Conditions

¹ Division of Nuclear Medicine, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; and ² Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland

View larger version (90K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIGURE 1.  (A) Resected interscapular BAT after 4 h of exposure to cold (right) becomes darker and redder than control BAT kept at room temperature (left). (B and C) On light microscopy, major structural changes are seen in BAT cells stained with hematoxylin–eosin. Many large lipid vacuoles are seen in control BAT cells (B), but vacuoles are almost nonexistent in BAT cells exposed to cold (C). Effect of exposure to cold is grossly visible.

View larger version (11K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIGURE 2.  %ID/blood (A), %ID/muscle (B), and %ID/body weight (%ID/g x kg [b.w.]) (C) for various tracers in interscapular BAT of control rats (white) and cold-stimulated rats (black). Under control conditions, highest uptake was seen in 123I-MIBG or 99mTc-MIBI. After cold activation, average uptake increased for all tracers. A, B, and C show statistically significant increases (P < 0.05) in tracer uptake in rats injected with 123I-MIBG, 18F- or 3H-FDG, and 3H-L-methionine. Increase in uptake of 201TlCl, compared with control, was also significant when normalized to blood.

View larger version (170K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIGURE 3.  Immunohistolocalization of UCP-1, Glut-1, and NET in BAT under control and cold-stimulated conditions. Dense cytoplasmic staining of UCP-1 is seen in BAT under both conditions. Staining of GLUT-1 is faint under control conditions, whereas definite staining is evenly distributed in plasma membrane of BAT under stimulated conditions. NET is also stimulated by cold; however, its distribution is different from that of GLUT-1. Dense staining is seen along with capillary blood vessel, and mild staining was seen in plasma membrane of BAT cells.