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Brain Receptor Imaging*

Wolf-Dieter Heiss, MD1 and Karl Herholz, MD2

1 Max-Planck Institute for Neurological Research and Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; and 2 Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom


Figure 1
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  		FIGURE 1.  Standard compartmental model for receptor-binding ligands. Ca, Cf, and Cb represent time-dependent local activity of tracer in blood and free and bound tracer in tissue, respectively. K1 to k4 are the transfer rate constants between compartments.

 

Figure 2
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  		FIGURE 2.  Schematic Logan plot for ligands that approach equilibrium during measurement time. By integral transformation of tissue and blood activity (as indicated at the axes), data points approach a straight line, whose slope equals BP'.

 

Figure 3
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  		FIGURE 3.  Comparison of dopamine synthesis and vesicular storage (18F-labeled 6-fluoro-L-DOPA [18F-FDOPA] PET, top row) and D2 receptor binding (11C-raclopride [RACLO] PET, middle row) in Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy with parkinsonian symptoms (MSA-P). FDOPA uptake is reduced in putamen in all conditions (red stars), whereas D2 receptor binding is increased at an early stage of PET (HY stage I, yellow plus sign, second column), back to normal in advanced PD (HY stage IV, third column), and reduced in MSA-P (red plus sign, fourth column).

 

Figure 4
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  		FIGURE 4.  11C-MP4A PET in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease demonstrates reduction in cortex and amygdala but preserved activity in basal forebrain, which suggests a dying-back of cholinergic neurons rather than initial loss of cell bodies. AChE = acetylcholinesterase; nbM = nucleus basalis of Meynert.

 




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