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Advantages of Short-Lived Positron-Emitting Radioisotopes for Intracoronary Radiation Therapy with Liquid-Filled Balloons to Prevent Restenosis

Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Medical Clinic III, Cardiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Homburg/Saar, Homburg/Saar, Germany

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   FIGURE 1. Phantom measurements to quantify positron penetration into tissue-equivalent medium using MD-55 Gafchromic film. (A) Exposure of film by balloon catheter filled with liquid radioactivity. (B) Exposed film showing concentric blue halo around hole with superimposed 2 rectangular axes for laser scanner read-out. (C) Typical result of evaluation of optical density of film (660 nm) indicating dose-over-depth function.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   FIGURE 2. Geometry for irradiation of bovine aortic smooth muscle cells with positron radiation emitted by liquid 68Ga. Diffusion of radioactive 68Ga atoms into cell culture was prevented by Parafilm sealing of polyester membrane separating cells from liquid radiation source.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   FIGURE 3. Results of phantom measurements. (A) Dependence of half-dose depth on mean positron energy measured with radiation-sensitive MD-55 Gafchromic films in water bath. Linear function is described by d = 0.024 + 1.045 Emean. (B) Dose-over-depth functions calculated from phantom measurements. Curves are normalized to dose of 20 Gy at 1 mm distance from balloon surface. Only 15O and 68Ga have acceptable dose distribution due to sufficient positron energy.

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   FIGURE 4. Dose–response curves characterizing the impact of 68Ga positron radiation (A) and 137Cs -radiation (B) on proliferation of cultured bovine smooth muscle cells.