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Albumin Macroaggregates for Brain Scanning: Experimental Basis and Safety in Primates

Los Angeles, California

ABSTRACT

Ten monkeys were given repeated internal carotid artery injections of radioalbumin aggregates (10–100 µ) in doses of 0.8 to 11.0 mg. Doses below 2.0 mg produced no detectable central nervous system abnormalities. The following conclusions can be made at this time:

1. These central nervous system studies in primates indicate that if the entire carrier dose (0.2–0.6 mg) of radioalbumin macroaggregates injected for lung scanning in man were shunted into the general circulation the likelihood of cerebral microembolization is extremely remote.

2. The cerebral toxicity of macroaggregates must be re-evaluated after prior injection of 50 percent sodium diatrizoate in the monkey, inasmuch as the brain hemisphere scan may be performed in conjunction with angiography in man.

3. Initial arteriolar entrapment of macroaggregated albumin appears to be a purely physical mechanism. However, further study is needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which these friable particles are removed.

4. Before brain hemisphere scans are performed in man, long term studies in primates are needed to evaluate changes in behavior, intelligence and motor performance as well as detailed histological examination of brain sections.

FOOTNOTES

¹ From the Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Biology, and the Departments of Surgery (Neurosurgery) and Radiology (Radioisotopes), School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles.

² These studies were supported by Contract AT(04-1)-GEN-12 between the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and the University of California at Los Angeles.