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First published online November 12, 2009, 10.2967/jnumed.109.067512
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Journal of Nuclear Medicine Vol. 50 No. 12 1975-1979
© 2009 by Society of Nuclear Medicine
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.109.067512

Clinical Investigation

Reference Tissue Models and Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption: Lessons from (R)-[11C]PK11195 in Traumatic Brain Injury

Hedy Folkersma1, Ronald Boellaard2, W. Peter Vandertop1, Reina W. Kloet2, Mark Lubberink2, Adriaan A. Lammertsma2 and Bart N.M. van Berckel2

1 Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Correspondence: For correspondence or reprints contact: Hedy Folkersma, Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, NL-1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: hedy.folkersma{at}vumc.nl

(R)-[11C]PK11195 is a tracer for activated microglia. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of the simplified reference tissue model for analyzing (R)-[11C]PK11195 studies in traumatic brain injury (TBI), where blood–brain barrier disruptions are likely. Methods: Dynamic (R)-[11C]PK11195 scans were acquired at 3 time points after TBI. Plasma input–derived binding potential (BPNDPI), volume of distribution (VT) and K1/k2, and simplified reference tissue model–derived binding potential (BPNDSRTM) were obtained. Simulations were performed to assess the effect of varying K1/k2. Results: Early after TBI, an increase in VT, but not in BPNDPI, was found. Early K1/k2 correlated with VT and BPNDSRTM but not with BPNDPI. One and 6 mo after TBI, BPNDSRTM correlated with BPNDPI. Conclusion: Early after TBI, (R)-[11C]PK11195 studies should be analyzed using plasma input models.

Key Words: blood–brain barrier • craniocerebral trauma • (R)-[11C]PK11195 • humans • positron emission tomography

COPYRIGHT © 2009 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine, Inc.


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