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First published online July 16, 2008, 10.2967/jnumed.108.052639
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Journal of Nuclear Medicine Vol. 49 No. 8 1245-1248
© 2008 by Society of Nuclear Medicine
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.108.052639

Clinical Investigation

Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using 11C-Choline PET: Comparison with 18F-FDG PET

Yuka Yamamoto1, Yoshihiro Nishiyama1, Reiko Kameyama1, Keiichi Okano2, Hirotaka Kashiwagi2, Akihiro Deguchi3, Masato Kaji4 and Motoomi Ohkawa1

1 Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan; 2 Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan; 3 Departments of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan; and 4 Department of Pharmacy, Kagawa University Hospital, Kagawa, Japan

Correspondence: For correspondence or reprints contact: Yuka Yamamoto, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan. E-mail: yuka{at}kms.ac.jp

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively investigate the feasibility of 11C-choline PET, compared with 18F-FDG PET, for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: A total of 16 HCC lesions in 12 patients were examined with both 11C-choline PET and 18F-FDG PET. Tumor lesions were identified as areas of focally increased uptake, exceeding that of surrounding noncancerous liver tissue. For semiquantitative analysis, the tumor-to-liver (T/L) ratio was calculated by dividing the maximal standardized uptake value (SUV) in HCC lesions by the mean SUV in noncancerous liver tissue. Results: 11C-choline PET showed a slightly higher detection rate than did 18F-FDG PET for detection of HCC (63% vs. 50%, respectively), although this difference was not statistically significant. 11C-choline PET had a better detection rate for moderately differentiated HCC lesions but not for those poorly differentiated (75% vs. 25%, respectively). In contrast, 18F-FDG PET exhibited the opposite behavior, with corresponding detection rates of 42% and 75%, respectively. The mean 11C-choline SUV and T/L ratio in moderately differentiated HCC lesions were higher than those in poorly differentiated HCC lesions. In contrast, the mean 18F-FDG SUV and T/L ratio in poorly differentiated HCC were higher than those in moderately differentiated HCC. These differences, however, were also not statistically significant. Conclusion: 11C-choline PET had a better detection rate for moderately differentiated HCC lesions but not for poorly differentiated HCC lesions, whereas 18F-FDG PET produced the opposite result. 11C-choline is a potential tracer to complement 18F-FDG in detection of HCC lesions.

Key Words: 11C-choline • 18F-FDG • PET • hepatocellular carcinoma

COPYRIGHT © 2008 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine, Inc.


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