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Characterization of Osteolytic, Osteoblastic, and Mixed Lesions in a Prostate Cancer Mouse Model Using ¹⁸F-FDG and ¹⁸F-Fluoride PET/CT

¹ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and ² Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California

Correspondence: For correspondence or reprints contact Jay R. Lieberman, MD, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center. 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, Connecticut 06030-5456. E-mail: jlieberman{at}uchc.edu

The combination of small-animal PET/CT scans and conventional imaging methods may enhance the evaluation of in vivo biologic interactions of murine models in the study of prostate cancer metastasis to bone. Methods: Small-animal PET/CT scans using ¹⁸F-fluoride ion and ¹⁸F-FDG coregistered with high-resolution small-animal CT scans were used to longitudinally assess the formation of osteoblastic, osteolytic, and mixed lesions formed by human prostate cancer cell lines in a severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse tibial injection model. These scans were correlated with plain radiographs, histomorphometry, and soft-tissue measurements. Results: Small-animal PET/CT scans were able to detect biologic activity of cells that induced an osteoblastic lesion 2 wk earlier than on plain radiographs. Furthermore, both the size and the activity of the lesions detected on PET/CT images significantly increased at each successive time point (P < 0.05). ¹⁸F-FDG lesions strongly correlated with soft-tissue measurements, whereas ¹⁸F-fluoride ion activity correlated with bone volume measured on histomorphometric analysis (P < 0.005). Osteolytic lesions were successfully quantified using small-animal CT, whereas lesion sizes measured on ¹⁸F-FDG PET scans also strongly correlated with soft-tissue tumor burden (P < 0.05). In contrast, for mixed lesions, ¹⁸F-fluoride ion and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scans detected only minimal activity. Conclusion: ¹⁸F-FDG and ¹⁸F-fluoride ion PET/CT scans can be useful tools in characterizing pure osteolytic and osteoblastic lesions induced by human prostate cancer cell lines. The value of this technology needs further evaluation to determine whether these studies can be used effectively to detect more subtle responses to different treatment regimens in animal models.

Key Words: PET/CT • small-animal imaging • prostate cancer • osteoblastic lesion • osteolytic lesion

COPYRIGHT © 2008 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine, Inc.

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JNM 2008 49: 11A-12A. [Full Text]