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First published online November 7, 2008, 10.2967/jnumed.108.053520
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Journal of Nuclear Medicine Vol. 49 No. 12 1905-1908
© 2008 by Society of Nuclear Medicine
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.108.053520

Focus on Molecular Imaging

MRI Reporter Genes

Assaf A. Gilad1, Keren Ziv2, Michael T. McMahon1,3, Peter C.M. van Zijl1,3, Michal Neeman2 and Jeff W.M. Bulte1

1 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; 2 The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; and 3 Hugo Moser Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland

Correspondence: For correspondence or reprints contact: Assaf A. Gilad, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans St., Cancer Research Building II, Room 4M63, Baltimore, MD 21231. E-mail: assaf{at}mri.jhu.edu

ABSTRACT

Noninvasive molecular imaging of dynamic processes has benefited tremendously from the use of reporter genes. These genes encode for proteins that emit light, bind radiolabeled probes, or, as covered in this review, modulate MRI contrast. Reporter genes play a pivotal role in monitoring cell trafficking, gene replacement therapy, protein–protein interactions, neuronal plasticity, and embryonic development. Several strategies exist for generating MRI contrast: using enzyme-catalyzed chemical modification of metal-based contrast agents or (phosphorus) metabolites, iron-binding and iron-storage proteins to accumulate iron as a contrast agent, and artificial proteins for imaging based on chemical exchange saturation transfer. MRI reporter genes have the advantage that the specific signal can be coregistered with soft-tissue anatomy and functional tissue information and have, therefore, become an active and growing area of scientific interest.

Key Words: molecular imaging • MR imaging • MRI spectroscopy • reporter gene • ferritin

FOOTNOTES

COPYRIGHT © 2008 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine, Inc.


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