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microPET-Based Biodistribution of Quantum Dots in Living Mice

¹ Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering, Bio-X Program, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California; ² California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; ³ Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; and ⁴ Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California

Correspondence: For correspondence or reprints contact: Sanjiv S. Gambhir, MD, PhD, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, East 150 Clark Center, 318 Campus Dr., Palo Alto, CA 94305-5427. E-mail: sgambhir{at}stanford.edu

This study evaluates the quantitative biodistribution of commercially available CdSe quantum dots (QD) in mice. Methods: ⁶⁴Cu-Labeled 800- or 525-nm emission wavelength QD (21- or 12-nm diameter), with or without 2,000 MW (molecular weight) polyethylene glycol (PEG), were injected intravenously into mice (5.55 MBq/25 pmol QD) and studied using well counting or by serial microPET and region-of-interest analysis. Results: Both methods show rapid uptake by the liver (27.4–38.9 %ID/g) (%ID/g is percentage injected dose per gram tissue) and spleen (8.0–12.4 %ID/g). Size has no influence on biodistribution within the range tested here. Pegylated QD have slightly slower uptake into liver and spleen (6 vs. 2 min) and show additional low-level bone uptake (6.5–6.9 %ID/g). No evidence of clearance from these organs was observed. Conclusion: Rapid reticuloendothelial system clearance of QD will require modification of QD for optimal utility in imaging living subjects. Formal quantitative biodistribution/imaging studies will be helpful in studying many types of nanoparticles, including quantum dots.

Key Words: quantum dot • biodistribution • nanoparticle • PET • molecular imaging

COPYRIGHT © 2007 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine, Inc.

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