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Basic Science Investigation |
1 Department of Molecular Probes, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan; and 2 Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
Correspondence: For correspondence or reprints contact: Ming-Rong Zhang, PhD, Radiochemistry Section, Department of Molecular Probes, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-Ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan. E-mail: zhang{at}nirs.go.jp
Developing a PET ligand for imaging of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR; Translocator Protein [18 kDa] TSPO) is of great importance for studying its role in glial cells in the injured brain and in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study was to synthesize and evaluate N-benzyl-N-ethyl-2-(7-11C-methyl-8-oxo-2-phenyl-7,8-dihydro-9H-purin-9-yl)acetamide (11C-AC-5216) as a PET ligand for imaging PBR in the primate brain. Methods: AC-5216 and its desmethyl precursor (compound 1) were synthesized starting from commercially available compounds. The radiosynthesis of 11C-AC-5216 was performed through the reaction of compound 1 with 11C-CH3I in the presence of NaH. The in vivo brain regional distribution was determined in mice (dissection) and a monkey (PET). Results: 11C-AC-5216 (800–1,230 MBq; n = 25) was obtained with a radiochemical purity of 98% and a specific activity of 85–130 GBq/µmol at the end of synthesis. After injection of 11C-AC-5216 into mice, a high accumulation of radioactivity was found in the lungs, heart, adrenal glands, and other PBR-rich organs. In the mouse brain, high radioactivity was observed in the olfactory bulb and cerebellum. Radioactivity in these regions was inhibited by nonradioactive AC-5216 or PK11195 but was not decreased by central benzodiazepine receptor–selective flumazenil and Ro15-4513. A PET study of the monkey brain determined that 11C-AC-5216 had a relatively high uptake in the occipital cortex, a rich PBR-dense area in the primate brain. Pretreatment with nonradioactive AC-5216 and PK11195 reduced the radioactivity of 11C-AC-5216 in the occipital cortex significantly, suggesting its high specific binding with PBR in the brain. Metabolite analysis demonstrated that 11C-AC-5216 was stable in vivo in the mouse brain, although it was metabolized in the plasma of mice and the monkey. Conclusion: 11C-AC-5216 is a promising PET ligand for imaging PBR in rodent and primate brains.
Key Words: peripheral benzodiazepine receptor • molecular imaging • AC-5216 • PET • glial cell
COPYRIGHT © 2007 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine, Inc.
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M. Miyoshi, H. Ito, R. Arakawa, H. Takahashi, H. Takano, M. Higuchi, M. Okumura, T. Otsuka, F. Kodaka, M. Sekine, et al. Quantitative Analysis of Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptor in the Human Brain Using PET with 11C-AC-5216 J. Nucl. Med., July 1, 2009; 50(7): 1095 - 1101. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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