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First published online October 17, 2007, 10.2967/jnumed.107.038661
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Journal of Nuclear Medicine Vol. 48 No. 11 1800-1815
© 2007 by Society of Nuclear Medicine
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.107.038661

Continuing Education

Role of Inflammation in Atherosclerosis*

Luigi Giusto Spagnoli1, Elena Bonanno1, Giuseppe Sangiorgi2 and Alessandro Mauriello1

1 Institute of Anatomic Pathology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; and 2 Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

Correspondence: For correspondence or reprints contact: Luigi Giusto Spagnoli, MD, Cattedra di Anatomia ed Istologia Patologica, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Diagnostica per Immagini, Universitá di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Roma, Italy. E-mail: spagnoli{at}uniroma2.it

Inflammation plays a major role in all phases of atherosclerosis. Stable plaques are characterized by a chronic inflammatory infiltrate, whereas vulnerable and ruptured plaques are characterized by an "active" inflammation involved in the thinning of the fibrous cap, predisposing the plaque to rupture. Although a single vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque rupture may cause the event, there are many other types of plaques, several of which are vulnerable. The existence of multiple types of vulnerable plaques suggests that atherosclerosis is a diffuse inflammatory process. A current challenge is to identify morphologic and molecular markers able to discriminate stable plaques from vulnerable ones, allowing the stratification of patients at high risk for acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events before clinical syndromes develop. With that aim in mind, this article summarizes the natural history of atherosclerotic plaques, focusing on molecular mechanisms affecting plaque progression and serum markers correlated with plaque inflammation.

Key Words: inflammation • atherosclerosis • plaque vulnerability • serum markers

* NOTE: FOR CE CREDIT, YOU CAN ACCESS THIS ACTIVITY THROUGH THE SNM WEB SITE (http://www.snm.org/ce_online) THROUGH November 2008.

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

COPYRIGHT © 2007 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine, Inc.


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