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PET of Human Prostate Cancer Xenografts in Mice with Increased Uptake of ⁶⁴CuCl₂

¹ Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; ² Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; ³ Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; ⁴ Center for Healthcare Effectiveness Research, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; and ⁵ Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan

Correspondence: For correspondence or reprints contact: Fangyu Peng, MD, PhD, PET Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 3901 Beaubien Blvd., Detroit, MI 48201. E-mail: fpeng{at}pet.wayne.edu

Our objective was to determine whether human prostate cancer xenografts in mice can be localized by PET using ⁶⁴CuCl₂ as a probe (⁶⁴Cu PET). Methods: Athymic mice bearing human prostate cancer xenografts were subjected to ⁶⁴Cu PET, followed by quantitative analysis of the tracer concentrations and immunohistochemistry study of human copper transporter 1 expression in the tumor tissues. Results: Human prostate cancer xenografts expressing high levels of human copper transporter 1 were well visualized on the PET images obtained 24 h after injection but not on the images obtained 1 h after injection. PET quantitative analysis demonstrated a high concentration of ⁶⁴CuCl₂ in the tumors in comparison to that in the left shoulder regions (percentage injected dose per gram of tissue: 3.6 ± 1.3 and 0.6 ± 0.3, respectively; P = 0.004), at 24 h after injection. Conclusion: The data from this study suggested that locally recurrent prostate cancer might be localized with ⁶⁴Cu PET using ⁶⁴CuCl₂ as a probe.

Key Words: prostate cancer • positron emission tomography • human copper transporter 1 • copper (II)-64 chlorides

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