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Journal of Nuclear Medicine Vol. 46 No. 10 1707-1718
© 2005 by Society of Nuclear Medicine

Basic Science Investigations

microPET Imaging of Glioma Integrin {alpha}vß3 Expression Using 64Cu-Labeled Tetrameric RGD Peptide

Yun Wu, PhD1, Xianzhong Zhang, PhD1, Zhengming Xiong, MD, PhD1, Zhen Cheng, PhD1, Darrell R. Fisher, PhD2, Shuang Liu, PhD3, Sanjiv S. Gambhir, MD, PhD1 and Xiaoyuan Chen, PhD1

1 Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California
2 Radioisotopes Program, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
3 Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana

Integrin {alpha}vß3 plays a critical role in tumor-induced angiogenesis and metastasis and has become a promising diagnostic indicator and therapeutic target for various solid tumors. Radiolabeled RGD peptides that are integrin specific can be used for noninvasive imaging of integrin expression level as well as for integrin-targeted radionuclide therapy. Methods: In this study we developed a tetrameric RGD peptide tracer 64Cu-DOTA-E{E[c(RGDfK)]2}2 (DOTA is 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid) for PET imaging of integrin {alpha}vß3 expression in female athymic nude mice bearing the subcutaneous UG87MG glioma xenografts. Results: The RGD tetramer showed significantly higher integrin binding affinity than the corresponding monomeric and dimeric RGD analogs, most likely due to a polyvalency effect. The radiolabeled peptide showed rapid blood clearance (0.61 ± 0.01 %ID/g at 30 min and 0.21 ± 0.01 %ID/g at 4 h after injection, respectively [%ID/g is percentage injected dose per gram]) and predominantly renal excretion. Tumor uptake was rapid and high, and the tumor washout was slow (9.93 ± 1.05 %ID/g at 30 min after injection and 4.56 ± 0.51 %ID/g at 24 h after injection). The metabolic stability of 64Cu-DOTA-E{E[c(RGDfK)]2}2 was determined in mouse blood, urine, and liver and kidney homogenates at different times after tracer injection. The average fractions of intact tracer in these organs at 1 h were approximately 70%, 58%, 51%, and 26%, respectively. Noninvasive microPET studies showed significant tumor uptake and good contrast in the subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice, which agreed well with the biodistribution results. Integrin {alpha}vß3 specificity was demonstrated by successful blocking of tumor uptake of 64Cu-DOTA-E{E[c(RGDfK)]2}2 in the presence of excess c(RGDyK) at 1 h after injection. The highest absorbed radiation doses determined for the human reference adult were received by the urinary bladder wall (0.262 mGy/MBq), kidneys (0.0296 mGy/MBq), and liver (0.0242 mGy/MBq). The average effective dose resulting from a single 64Cu-DOTA-E{E[c(RGDfK)]2}2 injection was estimated to be 0.0164 mSv/MBq. Conclusion: The high integrin and avidity and favorable biokinetics make 64Cu-DOTA-E{E[c(RGDfK)]2}2 a promising agent for peptide receptor radionuclide imaging and therapy of integrin-positive tumors.

Key Words: tumor angiogenesis • integrin • RGD peptide • microPET • multimeric peptide • 64Cu


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