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Basic Science Investigations |
1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Kiel, Kiel, Germany
2 Department of Molecular Cardiology, Internal Medicine IV, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
3 Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
Transplantation of progenitor cells (PCs) has been shown to improve neovascularization and left ventricular function after myocardial ischemia. The fate of transplanted PCs has been monitored by fluorescence labeling or by genetic modifications introducing reporter genes. However, these techniques are limited by the need to kill the experimental animal. The aim of this study was to radiolabel CD34+ hematopoietic PCs (HPCs) with 111In-oxine and to evaluate the feasibility of this in vivo method for monitoring myocardial homing of transplanted cells in a rat myocardial infarction model. Methods: Human HPCs were isolated from mobilized peripheral blood and labeled with 111In-oxine. Labeled HPCs were injected into the cavity of the left ventricle in nude rats 24 h after induction of myocardial infarction (n = 4) or sham operation (n = 4). Scintigraphic images were acquired up to 96 h after HPC injection. After animals were killed, tissue samples of various organs were harvested to calculate tissue-specific activity and for immunostaining. Results: Labeling efficiency of HPCs was 32% ± 11%. According to trypan-blue staining, viability of radiolabeled HPCs was impaired by 30% after 48 and 96 h in comparison with unlabeled cells, whereas proliferation and differentiation of HPCs was nullified after 7 d, as assessed by colony-forming assays. After injection of HPCs, the specific activity ratio of heart to peripheral muscle tissue increased from 1.10 ± 0.32 in sham-operated rats to 2.47 ± 0.92 (P = 0.020) in infarcted rats. However, the overall radioactivity detected in the heart was only about 1%. A transient high lung uptake of 17% ± 6% was observed within the first hour after infusion of HPCs. At 24 h after injection, the initial lung activity had shifted toward liver, kidneys, and spleen, resulting in an increase of radioactivity in these organs from 37% ± 6% to 57% ± 5%. Conclusion: Radiolabeling with 111In-oxine is a feasible in vivo method for monitoring transplanted HPCs in a rat myocardial infarction model. The potential to detect differences in myocardial homing between infarcted and normal hearts suggests that this method may provide a noninvasive imaging approach for clinical trials using transplanted HPCs in patients. Our findings, however, also demonstrated a negative effect of 111In-oxine on cellular function, which resulted in complete impairment of HPC proliferation and differentiation. For future trials in stem cell imaging with 111In-oxine, therefore, it will be mandatory to carefully check for radiation-induced cell damage.
Key Words: CD34+ • hematopoietic progenitor cells • 111In-oxine • rat myocardial infarction model • cell trafficking • radiation-induced cell damage
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