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¹²³I- or ¹²⁵I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine Visualization of Brown Adipose Tissue

¹ Department of Radiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
² Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
³ First Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
⁴ Biology Laboratory Research Center, Daiichi Radioisotope Laboratories, Limited, Chiba, Japan
⁵ Department of Anatomy, Meiji College of Oriental Medicine, Funaigun, Japan

¹²³I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) accumulations that do not correspond to any tumor are observed occasionally on the medial aspect of the upper back or shoulder of children. The true nature of such accumulations is unknown, and we hypothesized that they represent interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) visualized by scintigraphy. Methods: Wistar rats (7 wk old) received MIBG labeled with ¹²³I or ¹²⁵I. Autoradiography was performed, and concentrations of the tracer in the interscapular subcutaneous tissue were identified histopathologically. The effects of 6-hydroxydopamine, reserpine, and ß 3-adrenergic receptor agonist (CL316,243) on the accumulation were investigated to elucidate the mechanism of uptake into BAT. Results: Autoradiography showed well-defined distinct accumulation in the subcutaneous tissue on the upper back, and hematoxylin-eosin and anti-uncoupling protein 1 antibody staining confirmed that it was BAT. The percentage injected dose per gram in BAT was as high as that in the heart and was quite different from the concentration in white adipose tissue. Preadministration of 6-hydroxydopamine or reserpine resulted in lower MIBG concentrations in BAT. Activation of the ß3-adrenergic receptor accelerated the washout of MIBG in BAT and caused an increase in concentration in white adipose tissue. Conclusion: MIBG accumulates in the adrenergic nervous system in BAT, and IBAT is distinguished from the surrounding white adipose tissue. To our knowledge, BAT has not been visualized previously. We showed that MIBG scintigraphy might be suitable for the investigation of BAT and treatment of human obesity.

Key Words: brown adipose tissue • metaiodobenzylguanidine • sympathetic neuron

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