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Clinical Investigations |
1 Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
2 Center for Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
Early identification of chemotherapy-refractory lymphoma patients provides a basis for alternative treatment strategies. Metabolic imaging with 18F-FDG PET offers functional tissue characterization that is useful for assessing response to therapy. Our objective was to determine the predictive value of 18F-FDG PET early during chemotherapy (after 1 cycle) and at the completion of chemotherapy for subsequent progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL) or Hodgkins disease (HD). Methods: 18F-FDG PET (dual-head coincidence camera with attenuation correction) was performed before and after 1 cycle of chemotherapy on 30 patients (17 NHL, 13 HD; mean age, 52.3 ± 16.0 y). For 23 of the 30 patients, 18F-FDG PET data were also obtained after the completion of chemotherapy. The patients had a median follow-up of 19 mo (range, 1824 mo). Follow-up of PFS was compared between patients with positive and negative 18F-FDG PET results obtained after the first cycle of chemotherapy and at the completion of chemotherapy. Results: Positive 18F-FDG PET results obtained both after the first cycle and at the completion of therapy were associated with a shorter PFS (median, 5 and 0 mo, respectively) than were negative 18F-FDG PET results (PFS medians not reached). A statistically significant difference in PFS between positive and negative 18F-FDG PET results was obtained both after the first cycle and at the completion of chemotherapy (P
0.001). The PFS and 18F-FDG PET results obtained after the first cycle correlated better than those obtained after the completion of chemotherapy (r2 = 0.45 vs. 0.17). 18F-FDG PET had more false-negative results after the last cycle (6/17 cases, or 35%) than after the first cycle (2/13 cases, or 15%). Thus, 18F-FDG PET had greater sensitivity and positive predictive values after the first cycle (82% vs. 45.5% and 90% vs. 83%, respectively) than after the last cycle. Conclusion: 18F-FDG PET after 1 cycle of chemotherapy is predictive of 18-mo outcome in patients with aggressive NHL and HD and may earlier identify patients who would benefit from more intensive treatment programs.
Key Words: lymphoma chemotherapy posttherapy 18F-FDG PET
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