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Stunning of Iodide Transport by ¹³¹I Irradiation in Cultured Thyroid Epithelial Cells

¹ Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborgs Universitet, Göteborg, Sweden
² Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Göteborgs Universitet, Göteborg, Sweden
³ Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborgs Universitet, Göteborg, Sweden
⁴ Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborgs Universitet, Göteborg, Sweden
⁵ Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborgs Universitet, Göteborg, Sweden

The existence of thyroid stunning (i.e., inhibited thyroidal iodide uptake after administration of diagnostic amounts of ¹³¹I) is controversial and is currently a subject of debate. To our knowledge, the stunning phenomenon has not been investigated previously in vitro. Methods: Growth-arrested porcine thyroid cells that formed a tight and polarized monolayer in a bicameral chamber were irradiated with 3–80 Gy ¹³¹I present in the surrounding culture medium for 48 h. The iodide transport capacity after irradiation was evaluated 3 d later by measuring the transepithelial (basal to apical) flux of trace amounts of ¹²⁵I. Results: The basal-to-apical ¹²⁵I transport decreased with increasing absorbed dose acquired from ¹³¹I; a nearly 50% reduction was observed already at 3 Gy. Stable iodide at the same molarity as ¹³¹I (10^-8 mol/L) had no effect on the ¹²⁵I transport. Cell number and epithelial integrity were not affected by irradiation. Conclusion: Stunning of iodide transport is detected after ¹³¹I irradiation of cultured thyroid cells. The degree of inhibition of transport is dependent on the absorbed dose.

Key Words: radioiodide • stunning • thyroid • ¹³¹I

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