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¹¹C-Acetate PET Imaging of Prostate Cancer

¹ Department of Urology, Fukui Medical University, Fukui, Japan
² Department of Radiology, Fukui Medical University, Fukui, Japan
³ Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Fukui Medical University, Fukui, Japan
⁴ National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
⁵ Wakasa Energy Research Center, Fukui, Japan

¹¹C-Acetate can act as a probe of tissue metabolism through entry into catabolic or anabolic metabolic pathways as mediated by acetyl–coenzyme A. The uptake of ¹¹C-acetate in prostate cancer was investigated to determine whether this tracer has potential in tumor identification. Methods: Twenty-two patients with prostate cancer underwent PET after intravenous administration of 740 MBq ¹¹C-acetate. Eighteen of the 22 patients were also investigated with ¹⁸F-FDG PET. Standardized uptake values (SUVs) for each tumor were investigated for tracer activity at 10–20 min after ¹¹C-acetate and 40–60 min after ¹⁸F-FDG administration. Results: Adenocarcinoma of the prostate showed variable uptake of ¹¹C-acetate, with SUVs ranging from 3.27 to 9.87. In contrast, SUVs for ¹⁸F-FDG ranged from 1.97 to 6.34. By visual inspection, ¹¹C-acetate accumulation in primary prostate tumors was positive in all patients, whereas ¹⁸F-FDG accumulation was positive in only 15 of 18 patients. ¹¹C-Acetate PET in a patient with lymph node metastasis showed high intrapelvic accumulation corresponding to metastatic sites. Similarly, 2 patients with bone metastases were ¹¹C-acetate avid. Conclusion: ¹¹C-Acetate shows marked uptake in prostate cancer and is more sensitive in detection of prostate cancer than is ¹⁸F-FDG PET. ¹¹C-Acetate represents a new tracer for detection of prostate cancer with PET, measuring radiopharmaceutical uptake pathways that are different from those measured by ¹⁸F-FDG.

Key Words: prostate cancer • PET • ¹¹C-acetate

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