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Basic Science Investigations |
1 Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
2 Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Fukui Medical University, Matsuoka, Fukui, Japan
Copper(II)-diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) (copper-ATSM) is a hypoxia-avid tracer for the selective identification of hypoxic tissue. Using canine models of hypoxic myocardium, we report our findings on *Cu-ATSM PET (*Cu is defined as either 60Cu, 61Cu, or 64Cu) for the delineation of ischemic and hypoxic myocardium. Methods: In protocol I, myocardial hypoxia was induced by global hypoxia (n = 3). In protocol II, myocardial ischemia was generated by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (n = 9). In protocol III, coronary artery stenosis was induced by a stenosis in the left anterior descending coronary artery (n = 4). PET dynamic data were acquired immediately after tracer injection. Tracer retention kinetics were analyzed using either monoexponential analysis (1/kmono) or a simple 2-compartment model (1/k4). Results: In protocol I, tracer retention in hypoxic myocardium was 2-fold greater than in normal myocardium, despite a 7-fold increase in blood flow (normal, 0.70 ± 0.42 mL·min-1·g-1; hypoxic, 4.94 ± 3.00 mL·min-1·g-1 [P < 0.005]). In protocol II, 
3 h after occlusion, retention of *Cu-ATSM within 20 min was greater in ischemic regions (myocardial blood flow, 0.28 ± 0.26 mL·min-1·g-1) than in normal tissue (myocardial blood flow, 0.52 ± 0.19 mL·min-1·g-1) (1/kmono, 40.72 ± 39.0 min vs. 26.69 ± 22.29 min [P < 0.05]; 1/k4, 6.85 ± 4.90 min vs. 3.51 ± 1.97 min [P < 0.05]). In selected dogs, tracer retention decreased at 24 h, suggesting the development of necrosis with no subsequent retention of *Cu-ATSM. In protocol III, dobutamine infusion after stenosis placement resulted in increased tracer retention consistent with hypoxia in the damaged regions. Conclusion: *Cu-ATSM PET has shown quantitative selective uptake in hypoxic myocardium within 20 min of tracer administration in 3 canine models of hypoxia.
Key Words: copper(II)-diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) • imaging • ischemia • hypoxia
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