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Effect of Vascular Radioactivity on Regional Values of Cerebral Blood Flow: Evaluation of Methods for H₂¹⁵O PET to Distinguish Cerebral Perfusion from Blood Volume

McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and PET Unit, Research Institute, Shiga Medical Center, Moriyama, Japan

To evaluate the appropriate model for calculating regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with PET and H₂¹⁵O, the values obtained from 1- and 2-compartment analyses were compared. Methods: Dynamic PET scans were performed on 12 healthy volunteers after injection of H₂¹⁵O in 2 conditions of baseline and visual stimulation. Calculation of rCBF was performed using the 2-weighted integral (WI) and autoradiographic methods for the 1-compartment analysis, and the 3-WI method was followed for the 2-compartment analysis. Arterial blood radioactivity was counted continuously and corrected for delay and dispersion. The rCBF images were transformed into the Talairach space and analyzed by statistical parametric mapping to identify regional differences in the 2 methods. The values obtained from regions of interest also were compared. Results: Although the difference in global CBF between the 2 models was not significant, rCBF values in the large arteries and neighbor areas were significantly greater in the 2-WI method than in the 3-WI method. However, regional differences in the activation studies were not affected when the 2 methods were compared. The images of cerebral arterial blood volume (V₀) obtained by the 3-WI method showed a significant increase in V₀ in the visual cortex during visual stimulation. Conclusion: These results suggest that the rCBF values in the 1-compartment analysis were affected by radioactivity in the vessels. The 3-WI method could provide rCBF values that are less influenced by vascular radioactivity and also show differences in V₀ in PET activation studies.

Key Words: cerebral blood flow • arterial blood volume • weighted integral method • autoradiographic method • statistical parametric mapping

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