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Biodistribution and Dosimetry of Pretargeted Monoclonal Antibody 2D12.5 and Y-Janus-DOTA in BALB/c Mice with KHJJ Mouse Adenocarcinoma

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford; and Department of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis, California

Biodistribution and dosimetry of ⁸⁸Y (and equimolar ⁹⁰Y) Janus-dodecanetetraacetic acid (DOTA) were performed using a three-step pretargeting protocol in BALB/c mice bearing mouse mammary adenocarcinoma (KHJJ) implants. Pretargeting was performed with mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2D12.5 specific for yttrium-DOTA, and the chase was Y-DOTA–human transferrin conjugate. In this article, we report extensive organ dosimetry and the theoretic limits of the radionuclide physical half-life (T_p) for pretargeting. Methods: Organ biodistribution data were obtained from bioassays on tissue taken from tumor mice killed at 3, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h after intravenous injection of ⁸⁸Y-Janus-DOTA. Uptake and retention of ⁸⁸Y as a function of time were described by nonlinear least squares fits of the tissue data to multiexponential functions. Radiation dose estimates for equivalent molar amounts of ⁹⁰Y were subsequently derived from these time-integrated functions. Results: The results were as follows: rapid blood clearance of ⁸⁸Y-Janus-DOTA; rapid uptake and slow clearance of ⁸⁸Y-Janus-DOTA from the tumor over 5 d; rapid clearance from all organs and body; largest radiation absorbed dose (AD) per injected dose of 63.52 (cGy/MBq) to tumor; high therapeutic ratios (AD tumor/AD tissue), particularly for blood and bone; and optimal radionuclide T_p range from 30 min to 10 d. Conclusion: Although the absolute concentration of ⁹⁰Y in the tumor is less using the hapten system than is achieved generally with the chelated radionuclide covalently attached to the mAb, the achievable tumor uptake of radioactivity, coupled with low radioactivity in bone, blood, and other organs, suggests that a three-step pretargeting protocol has considerable promise as a method for ⁹⁰Y radioimmunotherapy.

Key Words: radioimmunoimaging • radioimmunotherapy • ⁹⁰Y • ¹¹¹In pretargeting • biodistribution • dosimetry • therapeutic ratio

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