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Performance of a Dual, Solid-State Intraoperative Probe System with ¹⁸F, ^99mTc, and ¹¹¹In

Center for Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia

The use of tracer-avid radiopharmaceuticals and handheld, intraoperative, radiation-sensitive probes to localize areas of tumors promises to improve surgical treatments of cancer. Currently several ß- and -ray-emitting radiopharmaceuticals are proposed for use in these procedures. Therefore, intraoperative-probe systems should be capable of optimum performance with several different radionuclides. The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of a dual, solid-state probe with three of these radionuclides (¹⁸F, ^99mTc, and ¹¹¹In). Methods: The detector unit of the intraoperative-probe system used in this investigation consisted of a stack of two ion-implanted silicon detectors separated by 0.5 mm. The system could be operated in two modes: ß optimized, in which the difference between the signals from the two detectors was calculated to correct the ß signal for photon contamination, and photon-optimized mode, in which the signals were summed. Detection sensitivity and an index measuring ß detection selectivity were measured in both acquisition modes with the three different radionuclides. The -ray detection sensitivity of a commercially available probe was measured with ^99mTc and compared with the results with a solid-state probe. Results: ß and photon emissions (-rays and annihilation photons) produced by all three radionuclides were detected by the probe. In ß-optimized acquisition mode, the greatest ß-detection sensitivity was achieved with ¹⁸F; photon sensitivity was greatest for measurements with ¹¹¹In. The lowest detection sensitivities (ß and photon) were obtained with ^99mTc. With the probe system in -optimized mode, the greatest ß and photon sensitivities were achieved with ¹⁸F; the lowest were obtained with ^99mTc. The -detection sensitivity measured with ^99mTc in mode (5.59 ± 0.41 counts per second [cps]/kBq) compared surprisingly well with the results from the commercial probe (8.75 ± 0.47cps/kBq). Conclusion: The results from this investigation demonstrate the flexibility and versatility of the dual, solid-state probe system used in this study. These capabilities may be used to improve existing techniques or lead to new methods for performing radionuclide-guided surgeries.

Key Words: intraoperative probes • radionuclide-guided surgery • cancer