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Simple New Method for Effective Concentration of ¹⁸⁸Re Solutions from Alumina-Based ¹⁸⁸W—¹⁸⁸Re Generator

Nuclear Medicine Program, Life Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

Correspondence: For correspondence or reprints contact: Furn F. Knapp, Jr., PhD, Nuclear Medicine Program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Bldg. 4501, Mail Stop 6229, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6229.

ABSTRACT

¹⁸⁸Re is a useful generator-produced radioisotope currently under evaluation for a variety of therapeutic applications, including bone pain palliation and intravascular radiation therapy. Because the ¹⁸⁸W parent is available only in a relatively low specific activity (<0.15–0.19 GBq/mg) from reactor irradiation of enriched ¹⁸⁶W, relatively large volumes of 0.9% saline (>15 mL) are required for elution of the ¹⁸⁸Re daughter from traditional alumina-based ¹⁸⁸W-¹⁸⁸Re generators. Because these large bolus volumes result in solutions with a relatively low specific volume activity of ¹⁸⁸Re (<1 GBq/mL for the 18.5-GBq generator), the availability of effective methods for eluent concentration is important. Our new approach is based on the use of 0.3 mol/L ammonium acetate as a representative salt of a weak acid instead of saline for generator elution. Methods: After generator elution, the ammonium acetate generator eluent (15–20 mL) is passed through a tandem IC-H Plus cation (Dowex-H)-anion (QMA Light) column system. Exchange of ammonium cations with hydrogen ions on the cation column forms an acetic acid solution containing perrhenate anions from which the macroscopic levels of the acetate anion of the eluent have been effectively removed. Because perrhenic acid is fully dissociated at this pH, the QMA Light column specifically traps the ¹⁸⁸Re-perrhenate, which is subsequently eluted with a low volume (<1 mL) of saline. Concentration ratios greater than 20:1 are readily achieved with this method. Results: A typical clinical-scale generator loaded with 19.2 GBq ¹⁸⁸W was used to validate the approach. Saline elution provided ¹⁸⁸Re in a 75%–80% yield. Although elution with 0.15 mol/L NH₄OAc gave lower yields (55%–60%), use of 0.3 mol/L NH₄OAc provided yields comparable with those of saline (70%–75%). ¹⁸⁸W parent breakthrough was not detected after passage of the bolus through the tandem concentration system. Bolus volumes of 15–20 mL, which initially contained as much as 11.1–14.8 GBq ¹⁸⁸Re, were readily concentrated to less than 1 mL saline using QMA Light cartridges. The generator was evaluated for more than 3 mo with no decrease in performance. Conclusion: This approach represents a simple, rapid, and effective method using inexpensive disposable components of concentrating solutions of ¹⁸⁸Re for preparation of therapeutic agents.

Key Words: ¹⁸⁸Re • ¹⁸⁸W-¹⁸Re generator • bolus concentration

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