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Radiolabeled Interleukin-8: Specific Scintigraphic Detection of Infection Within a Few Hours

Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Correspondence: For correspondence or reprints contact: Otto C. Boerman, PhD, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

ABSTRACT

Several small receptor-binding agents have been tested for imaging of infection and inflammation. The potential of chemotactic peptides and of interieukins is promising and superior to that of conventional agents. In this study, we investigated the potential of interleukin-8 (IL-8) to image infection in rabbits. Methods: IL-8 was labeled with ¹²³I using the Bolton-Hunter method. Twenty-fours hours after induction of Escherichia coli abscesses in the left thigh muscle, rabbits were injected intravenously with 18.5 MBq ¹²³I-IL-8. Camera images were obtained at 5 min and at 1, 4, and 8 h after injection. Biodistribution was determined 8 h after injection. Results: ¹²³I-IL-8 rapidly cleared from the blood. Accumulation of ¹²³I-IL-8 in the abscess was visible as early as 1 h after injection. The highest abscess uptake was obtained 4 h after injection (2.6 ± 0.2 percentage injected dose [%ID]), whereas ¹²³I-IL-8 rapidly cleared from all other tissues. This resulted in increases in abscess-to-background ratios to 13.0 ± 0.7 (8 h after injection), as determined by quantification of the images. In tissue biodistribution (8 h after injection), the abscess uptake was 0.057 ± 0.011 %ID/g with abscess-to-contralateral muscle ratios of 114.7 ± 23.0. The radioiodination method clearly affected the in vivo biodistribution of IL-8 because IL-8 iodinated using the Iodo-Gen method cleared significantly slower from the blood and most other organs, resulting in poor visualization of the abscess. Conclusion: The superior characteristics of IL-8 radtoiodinated using the Bolton-Hunter method—i.e., high abscess uptake and rapid background clearance within a few hours—make IL-8 a promising agent to image infection and inflammation.

Key Words: interleukin-8 • infection • imaging • biodistribution • Bolton-Hunter

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