| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Biological Imaging, and University of California at Los Angeles/U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory of Structural Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
Correspondence: For correspondence or reprints contact: Arion F. Chatziioannou, PhD, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA School of Medicine, Crump Institute for Biological Imaging, 700 Westwood Plaza, Box 951770, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770.
ABSTRACT
A new dedicated PET scanner, microPET, was designed and developed at the University of California, Los Angeles, for imaging small laboratory animals. The goal was to provide a compact system with superior spatial resolution at a fraction of the cost of a clinical PET scanner. Methods: The system uses fiberoptic readout of individually cut lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) crystals to achieve high spatial resolution. Each microPET detector consists of an 8 x 8 array of 2 x 2 x 10-mm LSO scintillation crystals that are coupled to a 64-channel photomultiplier tube by optical fibers. The tomograph consists of 30 detectors in a continuous ring with a 17.2-cm diameter and fields of view (FOVs) of 11.25 cm in the transaxial direction and 1.8 cm in the axial direction. The system has eight crystal rings and no interplane septa. It operates exclusively in the three-dimensional mode and has an electronically controlled bed that is capable of wobbling with a radius of 300 µm. We describe the performance of the tomograph in terms of its spatial, energy and timing resolution, as well as its sensitivity and counting-rate performance. We also illustrate its overall imaging performance with phantom and animal studies that demonstrate the potential applications of this device to biomedical research. Results: Images reconstructed with three-dimensional filtered backprojectionshow a spatial resolution of 1.8 mm at the center of the FOV (CFOV), which remains <2.5 mm for the central 5 cm of the transaxial FOV. The resulting volumetric resolution of the system is <8 µL. The absolute system sensitivity measured with a 0.74 MBq (20 µCi) 68Ge point source at the CFOV is 5.62 Hz/kBq. The maximum noise equivalent counting rate obtained with a 6.4-cm diameter cylinder spanning the central 56% of the FOV is 10 kcps, whereas the scatter fraction is 37% at the CFOV for an energy window of 250–650 keV and the same diameter cylinder. Conclusion: This is the first PET scanner to use the new scintillator LSO and uses a novel detector design to achieve high volumetric spatial resolution. The combination of imaging characteristics of this prototype system (resolution, sensitivity, countingrate performance and scatter fraction) opens up new possibilities in the study of animal models with PET.
Key Words: PET • instrumentation • performance evaluation • animal imaging
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  Y. Yang, Y. Wu, J. Qi, S. St. James, H. Du, P. A. Dokhale, K. S. Shah, R. Farrell, and S. R. Cherry A Prototype PET Scanner with DOI-Encoding Detectors J. Nucl. Med., July 1, 2008; 49(7): 1132 - 1140. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. S. Hart and W. S. El-Deiry Invincible, but Not Invisible: Imaging Approaches Toward In Vivo Detection of Cancer Stem Cells J. Clin. Oncol., June 10, 2008; 26(17): 2901 - 2910. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Cai and X. Chen Multimodality Molecular Imaging of Tumor Angiogenesis J. Nucl. Med., June 1, 2008; 49(Suppl_2): 113S - 128S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. K. Hsu, M. S. Virk, B. T. Feeley, D. B. Stout, A. F. Chatziioannou, and J. R. Lieberman Characterization of Osteolytic, Osteoblastic, and Mixed Lesions in a Prostate Cancer Mouse Model Using 18F-FDG and 18F-Fluoride PET/CT J. Nucl. Med., March 1, 2008; 49(3): 414 - 421. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Zhou, P. D. Acton, and V. A. Ferrari Imaging Stem Cells Implanted in Infarcted Myocardium J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 21, 2006; 48(10): 2094 - 2106. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Wang, J. Seidel, B. M.W. Tsui, J. J. Vaquero, and M. G. Pomper Performance Evaluation of the GE Healthcare eXplore VISTA Dual-Ring Small-Animal PET Scanner J. Nucl. Med., November 1, 2006; 47(11): 1891 - 1900. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Lu, H. Dang, B. Middleton, Z. Zhang, L. Washburn, D. B. Stout, M. Campbell-Thompson, M. A. Atkinson, M. Phelps, S. S. Gambhir, et al. Noninvasive imaging of islet grafts using positron-emission tomography. PNAS, July 25, 2006; 103(30): 11294 - 11299. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-C. Tseng, P. B. Zanzonico, B. Levin, R. Finn, S. M. Larson, and D. Meruelo Tumor-Specific In Vivo Transfection with HSV-1 Thymidine Kinase Gene Using a Sindbis Viral Vector as a Basis for Prodrug Ganciclovir Activation and PET J. Nucl. Med., July 1, 2006; 47(7): 1136 - 1143. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Su, D. S. Chang, S. S. Gambhir, and J. Braun Monitoring the Antitumor Response of Naive and Memory CD8 T Cells in RAG1-/- Mice by Positron-Emission Tomography J. Immunol., April 1, 2006; 176(7): 4459 - 4467. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Kim, P. Herrero, T. Sharp, R. Laforest, D. J. Rowland, Y.-C. Tai, J. S. Lewis, and M. J. Welch Minimally Invasive Method of Determining Blood Input Function from PET Images in Rodents J. Nucl. Med., February 1, 2006; 47(2): 330 - 336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. J Cassidy and G. K Radda Molecular imaging perspectives J R Soc Interface, June 22, 2005; 2(3): 133 - 144. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Constantinesco, P. Choquet, L. Monassier, V. Israel-Jost, and L. Mertz Assessment of Left Ventricular Perfusion, Volumes, and Motion in Mice Using Pinhole Gated SPECT J. Nucl. Med., June 1, 2005; 46(6): 1005 - 1011. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S. Fox, T. R. Oakes, S. E. Shelton, A. K. Converse, R. J. Davidson, and N. H. Kalin Calling for help is independently modulated by brain systems underlying goal-directed behavior and threat perception PNAS, March 15, 2005; 102(11): 4176 - 4179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-C. Tai, A. Ruangma, D. Rowland, S. Siegel, D. F. Newport, P. L. Chow, and R. Laforest Performance Evaluation of the microPET Focus: A Third-Generation microPET Scanner Dedicated to Animal Imaging J. Nucl. Med., March 1, 2005; 46(3): 455 - 463. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-F. Daisne, T. Duprez, B. Weynand, M. Lonneux, M. Hamoir, H. Reychler, and V. Gregoire Tumor Volume in Pharyngolaryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Comparison at CT, MR Imaging, and FDG PET and Validation with Surgical Specimen Radiology, October 1, 2004; 233(1): 93 - 100. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. S. Halpern, M. Dahlbom, A. Quon, C. Schiepers, C. Waldherr, D. H. Silverman, O. Ratib, and J. Czernin Impact of Patient Weight and Emission Scan Duration on PET/CT Image Quality and Lesion Detectability J. Nucl. Med., May 1, 2004; 45(5): 797 - 801. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Honer, M. Bruhlmeier, J. Missimer, A. P. Schubiger, and S. M. Ametamey Dynamic Imaging of Striatal D2 Receptors in Mice Using Quad-HIDAC PET J. Nucl. Med., March 1, 2004; 45(3): 464 - 470. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. T. Carmichael, K. Tatsukawa, D. Katsman, N. Tsuyuguchi, and H. I. Kornblum Evolution of Diaschisis in a Focal Stroke Model Stroke, March 1, 2004; 35(3): 758 - 763. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Olafsen, C.-w. Cheung, P. J. Yazaki, L. Li, G. Sundaresan, S. S. Gambhir, M. A. Sherman, L. E. Williams, J. E. Shively, A. A. Raubitschek, et al. Covalent disulfide-linked anti-CEA diabody allows site-specific conjugation and radiolabeling for tumor targeting applications Protein Eng. Des. Sel., January 1, 2004; 17(1): 21 - 27. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Sundaresan, P. J. Yazaki, J. E. Shively, R. D. Finn, S. M. Larson, A. A. Raubitschek, L. E. Williams, A. F. Chatziioannou, S. S. Gambhir, and A. M. Wu 124I-Labeled Engineered Anti-CEA Minibodies and Diabodies Allow High-Contrast, Antigen-Specific Small-Animal PET Imaging of Xenografts in Athymic Mice J. Nucl. Med., December 1, 2003; 44(12): 1962 - 1969. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Pain, L. Besret, F. Vaufrey, M.-C. Gregoire, L. Pinot, P. Gervais, L. Ploux, G. Bloch, R. Mastrippolito, P. Laniece, et al. In vivo quantification of localized neuronal activation and inhibition in the rat brain using a dedicated high temporal-resolution beta +-sensitive microprobe PNAS, August 6, 2002; 99(16): 10807 - 10812. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Kudo, K. Fukuchi, A. J. Annala, A. F. Chatziioannou, V. Allada, M. Dahlbom, Y.-C. Tai, M. Inubushi, S.-C. Huang, S. R. Cherry, et al. Noninvasive Measurement of Myocardial Activity Concentrations and Perfusion Defect Sizes in Rats With a New Small-Animal Positron Emission Tomograph Circulation, July 2, 2002; 106(1): 118 - 123. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Zimmer, W. Hassoun, F. Pain, F. Bonnefoi, P. Laniece, R. Mastrippolito, L. Pinot, J.-F. Pujol, and V. Leviel SIC, an Intracerebral {beta}+-Range-Sensitive Probe for Radiopharmacology Investigations in Small Laboratory Animals: Binding Studies with 11C-Raclopride J. Nucl. Med., February 1, 2002; 43(2): 227 - 233. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. B.A. Habraken, K. de Bruin, M. Shehata, J. Booij, R. Bennink, B. L.F. van Eck Smit, and E. Busemann Sokole Evaluation of High-Resolution Pinhole SPECT Using a Small Rotating Animal J. Nucl. Med., December 1, 2001; 42(12): 1863 - 1869. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Weissleder and U. Mahmood Molecular Imaging Radiology, May 1, 2001; 219(2): 316 - 333. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. Phelps Inaugural Article: Positron emission tomography provides molecular imaging of biological processes PNAS, August 1, 2000; 97(16): 9226 - 9233. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE TECHNOLOGY | THE JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE |
