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Effect of Attenuation Correction on Lesion Detectability in FDG PET of Breast Cancer

Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Correspondence: For correspondence or reprints contact: Karl H. Bohuslavizki, MD, PhD, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to compare the visual analysis of attenuation-corrected and noncorrected ¹⁸F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) PET images in patients with primary or metastatic breast cancer using standardized film documentation and to evaluate the influence of attenuation correction on lesion detect ability. Methods: Standard FDG PET of the breasts and of the axillary regions was performed on 28 women with breast cancer. Transmission scans were acquired for attenuation correction after administration of FDG. Transverse and coronal slices and maximum intensity projections both with and without attenuation correction were documented in a standardized manner on film. Noncorrected images were displayed with an upper threshold of five times the mean activity in normal lung tissue. Attenuation corrected images were documented with an upper threshold of a standardized uptake value of five. Two independent nuclear medicine physicians, who were unaware of the results of clinical investigation, other imaging modalities and histopathologic findings, interpreted the images visually, noncorrected images first. Results: One hundred eighty-four of 189 lesions in 28 of 28 patients were found on attenuation-corrected and noncorrected images. Seventeen lesions were found in the breasts of 12 patients. In 18 patients, 31 axillary lesions were found. Moreover, 141 lesions representing distant metastases were detected in 18 patients. Attenuation-corrected images showed the same lesions in all patients but 2, in whom 5 of 189 small pulmonary lesions (2.6%) were not detected. Iterative reconstruction did not im prove detectability of these lesions on attenuation-corrected images. These lesions were confirmed by CT, which revealed diameters of < 1 cm. Conclusion: Attenuation correction by transmission measurement after injection may impair lesion detectability in PET for staging of breast cancer patients. When using the image modalities described, noncorrected PET images should be considered in image analysis.

Key Words: PET • breast cancer • attenuation correction • lesion detection

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