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MIRD Pamphlet No. 17: The Dosimetry of Nonuniform Activity Distributions—Radionuclide S Values at the Voxel Level

Department of Nuclear and Radiological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
Gaithersburg, Maryland
Department of Radiology, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC
Nuclear Physics Enterprises, Voorhees, New Jersey
Department of Radiology, Univ. of Med. & Dentistry NJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
Oak Ridge, Tennessee

Correspondence: For correspondence or reprints contact: Wesley E. Bolch, PhD, Department of Nuclear and Radiological Engineering, 202 NSC, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8300.

ABSTRACT

The availability of quantitative three-dimensional in vivo data on radionuclide distributions within the body makes it possible to calculate the corresponding nonuniform distribution of radiation absorbed dose in body organs and tissues. This pamphlet emphasizes the utility of the MIRD schema for such calculations through the use of radionuclide S values defined at the voxel level. The use of both dose point-kernels and Monte Carlo simulation methods is also discussed. PET and SPECT imaging can provide quantitative activity data in voxels of several millimeters on edge. For smaller voxel sizes, accurate data cannot be obtained using present imaging technology. For submillimeter dimensions, autoradiographic methods may be used when tissues are obtained through biopsy or autopsy. Sample S value tabulations for five radionuclides within cubical voxels of 3 mm and 6 mm on edge are given in the appendices to this pamphlet. These S values may be used to construct three-dimensional dose profiles for nonuniform distributions of radioactivity encountered in therapeutic and diagnostic nuclear medicine. Data are also tabulated for ¹³¹I in 0.1-mm voxels for use in autoradiography. Two examples illustrating the use of voxel S values are given, followed by a discussion of the use of three-dimensional dose distributions in understanding and predicting biologic response.

Key Words: voxel S values • MIRD schema • nonuniform • dosimetry • radionuclide

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