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In Vivo Comparison of PET and SPECT Radiopharmaceuticals in Detecting Breast Cancer

Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Second Department of Surgery, Gunma University School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan

Correspondence: For correspondence or reprints contact: Shigeko Amano, MD, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371 Japan.

ABSTRACT

Various radiopharmaceuticals for breast cancer detection have been used for scintimammography and PET. However, few comparative studies have described the uptake of radiopharmaceuticals as a method of detecting breast cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the radiopharmaceuticals for breast cancer imaging in experimental mice implanted with breast cancer cells. Methods: Six radiopharmaceuticals were studied: three for PET [¹⁸F-fluorodeoxy-glucose (FDG), L-¹⁸F-alphamethyltyrosine (FMT) and ¹¹C-methionine (C-Met)] and three for scintimammography [^99mTc-tetrofosmin (TF), ^99mTc-sestamibi (MIBI) and ²⁰¹TI-chloride (TI)]. Biodistributions of six different tracers in mice implanted with MCF-7 breast cancer cells were studied 1 and 3 hr after injection. Results: Tumor uptake 1 hr after injection was FMT = C-Met > FDG = TF > MIBI = TI. Thallium-201-chloride showed the highest tumor-to-blood ratio (T/B) among all radiopharmaceuticals because of its fast clearance from circulation. The T/B of the six radionuclides used in this study ranged from 1.26 for C-Met to 12.83 for TI. Tumor-to-muscle ratio (T/M) revealed FMT = C-Met > FDG > MIBI > TF = TI. The T/M ranged from 0.20 for TF to 2.29 for FMT. Tumor-to-lung ratio (T/L) varied from 0.45 for TF to 2.41 for FMT. FMT revealed the highest T/L of all six radiopharmaceuticals. Conclusion: Among radiopharmaceuticals for PET, FMT seemed to be suitable in detecting MCF-7 tumor; whereas for scintimammography, MIBI, TF and TI appeared to have almost the same detectability of MCF-7 tumor. The results of this study strongly suggest that FMT may have a potential in breast cancer imaging.

Key Words: radiopharmaceuticals • breast cancer • L-¹⁸F-alpha-methyltyrosine • PET • SPECT

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