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A Revised Dosimetric Model of the Adult Head and Brain

Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
Department of Radiology, University of California, Davis, California
Department of Radiology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York

Correspondence: For correspondence or reprints contact: Wesley E. Botch, PhD, University of Florida, P.O. Box 118300, 202 Nuclear Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32611-8300.

ABSTRACT

During the last decade, several new radiopharmaceuticals have been introduced for brain imaging. The marked differences of these tracers in tissue specificity within the brain and their increasing use for diagnostic studies support the need for a more anthropomorphic model of the human brain and head. Brain and head models developed in the past have comprised only simplistic representations of this anatomic region. Methods: A new brain model has been developed which includes eight subregions: the caudate nucleus, the cerebellum, the cerebral cortex, the lateral ventricles, the lentiform nucleus, the thalamus, the third ventricle and the white matter. This brain model has been included within a slightly modified version of the head model developed by Poston et al. in 1984. The head model, which includes both the thyroid and eyes, was modified in this work to include the cerebrospinal fluid within the cranial and spinal regions. Results: Absorbed fractions of energy for photon and electron sources located in thirteen source regions within the new head model were calculated using the EGS4 Monte Carlo radiation transport code for radiations in the energy range 10 keV to 4 MeV. Conclusion: S-values were calculated for five radionuclides used in brain imaging (¹¹C, ¹⁵O ¹⁸F, ^99mTc and ¹²³I) and for three radionuclides showing selective uptake in the thyroid (^99mTc, ¹²³I and ¹³¹I). S-values were calculated using 100 discrete energy points in the beta-emission spectrum of the different radionuclides.

Key Words: internal dosimetry • brain and head dosimetry model • S-values

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