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Radioiodine Therapy for Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Quantitative Dosimetric Evaluation for Remnant Thyroid Ablation After Surgery

Radiation Safety Systems Division, Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Parel, Bombay, India

Correspondence: For correspondence and reprints contact: Dr. (Mrs.) A.M. Samuel, Head, Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Tata Memorial Centre Annexe, Parel, Bombay-400 012, India.

ABSTRACT

The influence of cumulative absorbed dose, initial dose rate and mass of the remnant thyroid tissue on outcome of radioiodine treatment was assessed to determine an optimum value of absorbed dose and initial dose rate predictive of successful ablation. Methods: In 87 patents with thyroid carcinoma treated with 0.85–9.55 GBq (23–258 mCi) of ¹³¹I to ablate residual thyroid tissue, the cumulative absorbed dose and the initial dose rate were calculated. Following therapy, the parameters of radioactive iodine uptake and effective half-life were determined in each patient from the surface neck exposure rates measured using a beta/gamma exposure rate meter. Mass of the thyroid remnant was determined from rectilinear images after scatter correction obtained from phantom studies. Results: Sixty-eight patients showed complete ablation and 19 showed partial ablation of the thyroid remnant after radioiodine therapy. The cumulative absorbed doses delivered to the tissue in completely ablated and partially ablated groups were not significantly different (0.6 > p > 0.5). The initial dose rate delivered to the tissue in both groups, however, showed a significant difference (0.05 > p > 0.02). An initial dose rate of 3 Gy/hr or more completely ablated up to 5 g of tissue in 54 out of 62 patients (87.1%). Dose rate above 3 Gy/hr and cumulative doses above 300 Gy resulted in ablation in 50% of patients with more than 5 g of tissue. Conclusion: In patients receiving ¹³¹I to ablate thyroid remnant, the initial dose rate and the tissue mass are determinants of successful treatment response.

Key Words: radioiodine therapy • absorbed dose • initial dose rate • differentiated thyroid carcinoma

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