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The Effect of Meal Energy Content on Gastric Emptying

Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Correspondence: For reprints contact: Michael G. Velchik, MD, Div. of Nuclear Medicine, Dept. of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

ABSTRACT

Gastric emptying (GE) has been reported to be influenced by meal weight (grams) and composition (% carbohydrate:protein:fat) but the effect of meal energy content (kcal) on gastric emptying, independent of composition, has not been thoroughly investigated by scintigraphic techniques. In order to determine the effect of caloric content on GE, 12 normal male volunteers, ranging in age from 19–28 yr (mean = 24 yr), had GE scans (n = 32) performed with a solid meal of fixed composition (carbohydrate 40%:protein 40%: fat 20%) but varying energy content [150 kcal (n = 9), 300 kcal (n = 14), and 600 kl (n = 9)]. Increasing the energy content of the meal of fixed composition progressively delayed gastric emptying: T = 57', 70', and 95' for 150 kcal, 300 kcal and 600 kcal, respectively (p < 0.05; Student's t-test). Reproducibility, evaluated by performing GE scans (n = 8) on different days in the same individual (n = 4) with the same meal (300 kcal), was good (r 0.89). Variability varied inversely with meal energy content (CV:150 kcal 300 kcal and 600 kcal). The 300 kcal mean seems to be the best compromise since it results in less intersubject variability than 150 kcal, has minimal intrasubject variability, but is not as prohibitively large as the 600 kcal meal.

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