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Dosimetry of Iodine-131 Ethiodol in the Treatment of Hepatoma

Correspondence: For reprints contact: Mark T. Madsen, PhD, Dept. of Radiation Therapy & Nuclear Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 11th & Walnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19107.

ABSTRACT

The in vivo distribution and kinetics of [¹³¹I]Ethiodol injected through the hepatic artery have been measured on a group of four patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The [¹³¹I]Ethiodol was distributed predominantly in the liver (70–90%) and lungs(10–20%) and was selectively concentrated and retained in the patients with massive and multinodular hepatomas with 10% of the administered activity localizing in tumor. The radioactivity in the blood 2 hr postinjection was <0.1% and was never higher than 0.9% of the administered activity. The radioactivity cleared from normal liver tissue with an effective half-life of 4 days while the clearance time from the tumor was 20–25% longer. Activity in the lungs initially increased and then cleared with a 5-day effective half-life. Based on these measurements, the estimated dose per mCi of [¹³¹I]Ethiodol administered is 31 rad to the liver, 22 rad to the lungs, 1.9 rad to the total body and 239 rad to a 4-cm diameter tumor. These results suggest that [¹³¹I]Ethiodol has the potential to deliver curative radiation doses to hepatomas with acceptable radiation burdens to normal tissues.

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