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Preliminary Studies of Monoclonal Antibody Lymphoscintigraphy in Malignant Melanoma

Division of Nuclear Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, and the Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine and Oncogen, Seattle, Washington

Correspondence: For reprints contact: Wil B. Nelp, MD, Head, Div. Of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.

ABSTRACT

Lymphoscintigraphy was performed at 3 and 20 hr following subcutaneous injection of ¹³¹I anti-melanoma antibody (Fab) in 11 patients who had surgical resection of lymph nodes (neck, axilla, groin) at 24 hr for suspected metastatic melanoma. Comparable amounts of ¹²⁵I nonspecific control antibody (Fab) were co-administered. Six patients had nodal metastases and three showed positive images at both time periods. Five patients had no metastases though one was image positive. Four other nondiseased inguinal node groups were image negative. A total of 28 tumored nodes and 110 normal nodes were removed, counted and histologically examined. All metastatic tumors expressed antigen against which the specific Fab was directed. The concentrations of both specific and nonspecific Fab were similar in tumored nodes and both were significantly greater than in normal nodes. Dual isotope autoradiography with video densitometric analysis of tumored nodes showed essentially identical intranodal spatial distribution of the specific and control Fab in areas containing tumor. These preliminary results suggest the increased concentration of murine immunoglobulin (Fab) retained in diseased nodes was a nonspecific phenomenon.

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