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Intracellular Distribution and Radiotoxicity of Chromium-51 in Mammalian Cells: Auger-Electron Dosimetry

Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Shields Warren Radiation Laboratory, Boston
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts

Correspondence: For reprints contact: Dr. A. I. Kassis, Dept. of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Shields Warren Radiation Laboratory, 50 Binney St., Boston, MA 02115.

ABSTRACT

The kinetics of uptake and of radiotoxicity of chromium-51, an Auger-electron emitter, have been studied in V79 lung fibroblasts of the Chinese hamster. Intracellular radioactivity was directly proportional to the incubation period and to the extracellular concentration f the Cr-51. About 14% of the cellular activity was associated with the nucleus, whereas approximately 2% was guanidine-precipitable and therefore bound to DNA. The growth rate of V79 cells was slowed following intracellular incorporation of Cr-51. The cell-survival curve, in terms of colony-forming ability, was of the low-LET type, with a D₃₇ of 6.2 pCi/cell. Theoretical dosimetric estimates indicate that, under the given experimental conditions, the mean lethal dose to the cell nucleus was 870 rad. Although this value is somewhat larger than the x-ray D₃₇ dose of 580 rad for this cell line, it is more realistic than the gross underestimate obtained by classical MIRD calculations (2–3 rad/cell).

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