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Brain Oxygen Utilization Measured with O-15 Radiotracers and Positron Emission Tomography

The Edward Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, The McDonnell Center for Studies of Higher Brain Function, and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri

Correspondence: For reprints contact: M. E. Raichle, MD, Box 8131, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.

ABSTRACT

We have developed, implemented, and validated a method for the measurement of the local cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO₂) with positron emission tomography (PET). We use data from a single inhalation of O-15-labeled CO for cerebral blood volume (CBV), an intravenous injection of [O-15]H₂O for cerebral blood flow (CBF), and a single inhalation of [O-15]O₂ for the final calculation of CMRO₂ and the extraction of oxygen (E). The mathematical model used to analyze the data consists of two compartments and accounts for production and egress of water of metabolism in the tissue, recirculating water of metabolism, and the arterial, venous, and capillary contents of [O-15]O₂ in the brain. We validated our technique in baboons by comparing the PET-measured E with E measured using an intracarotid injection of [O-15]O₂. The correlation between these two techniques wa excellent. Mathematical simulations were done to examine the effect of errors in CBV, CBF, and recirculating water of metabolism on the measurement of E and CMRO₂. The technique was implemented on five normal human subjects in whom the global CMRO₂ was 2.93 ± 0.37 (s.d.) mi/min•100 g.

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