| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
Correspondence: For reprints contact: M. E. Raichle, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 South Kingshighway, St. Louis, MO 63110.
ABSTRACT
The tissue autoradiographic method for the measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in animals was adapted for use with positron emission tomography (PET). Because of the limited spatial resolution of PET, a region of interest will contain a mix of gray and white matter, inhomogeneous in flow and in tracer partition coefficient (
). The resultant error in rCBF, however, is less than 4 %. Although the tissue autoradiographic method requires a monotonically increasing input function to ensure a unique solution for flow, the PET adaptation does not, because of an additional integration in the operational equation. Simulation showed that the model is accurate in the presence of ischemia or hyperemia of the gray matter. Inaccuracy in timing of the arterial input function will result in large errors in rCBF measurement. Propagation of errors in measurement of tissue activity is largely independent of flow, reflecting the nearly linear flow compared with activity relationship.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  G. Esposito, G. Giovacchini, J.-S. Liow, A. K. Bhattacharjee, D. Greenstein, M. Schapiro, M. Hallett, P. Herscovitch, W. C. Eckelman, R. E. Carson, et al. Imaging Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease with Radiolabeled Arachidonic Acid and PET J. Nucl. Med., September 1, 2008; 49(9): 1414 - 1421. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. M. Arbelaez, W. J. Powers, T. O. Videen, J. L. Price, and P. E. Cryer Attenuation of Counterregulatory Responses to Recurrent Hypoglycemia by Active Thalamic Inhibition: A Mechanism for Hypoglycemia-Associated Autonomic Failure Diabetes, February 1, 2008; 57(2): 470 - 475. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Lerner, A. Bagic, E. A. Boudreau, T. Hanakawa, F. Pagan, Z. Mari, W. Bara-Jimenez, M. Aksu, G. Garraux, J. M. Simmons, et al. Neuroimaging of neuronal circuits involved in tic generation in patients with Tourette syndrome Neurology, June 5, 2007; 68(23): 1979 - 1987. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. TAKANO, N. MOTOHASHI, T. UEMA, K. OGAWA, T. OHNISHI, M. NISHIKAWA, H. KASHIMA, and H. MATSUDA Changes in regional cerebral blood flow during acute electroconvulsive therapy in patients with depression: Positron emission tomographic study The British Journal of Psychiatry, January 1, 2007; 190(1): 63 - 68. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Hiroki, N. Kajimura, T. Uema, K. Ogawa, M. Nishikawa, M. Kato, T. Watanabe, T. Nakajima, H. Takano, E. Imabayashi, et al. Effect of Benzodiazepine Hypnotic Triazolam on Relationship of Blood Pressure and PaCO2 to Cerebral Blood Flow During Human Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2006; 95(4): 2293 - 2303. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Gerloff, K. Bushara, A. Sailer, E. M. Wassermann, R. Chen, T. Matsuoka, D. Waldvogel, G. F. Wittenberg, K. Ishii, L. G. Cohen, et al. Multimodal imaging of brain reorganization in motor areas of the contralesional hemisphere of well recovered patients after capsular stroke Brain, March 1, 2006; 129(3): 791 - 808. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. H. Taber, K. J. Black, and R. A. Hurley Blood Flow Imaging of the Brain: 50 Years Experience J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, November 1, 2005; 17(4): 441 - 446. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Wintermark, M. Sesay, E. Barbier, K. Borbely, W. P. Dillon, J. D. Eastwood, T. C. Glenn, C. B. Grandin, S. Pedraza, J.-F. Soustiel, et al. Comparative Overview of Brain Perfusion Imaging Techniques Stroke, September 1, 2005; 36(9): e83 - e99. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Hiroki, T. Uema, N. Kajimura, K. Ogawa, M. Nishikawa, M. Kato, T. Watanabe, T. Nakajima, H. Takano, E. Imabayashi, et al. Cerebral white matter blood flow is constant during human non-rapid eye movement sleep: a positron emission tomographic study J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2005; 98(5): 1846 - 1854. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Fukumitsu, K. Ishii, Y. Kimura, K. Oda, T. Sasaki, Y. Mori, and K. Ishiwata Adenosine A1 Receptor Mapping of the Human Brain by PET with 8-Dicyclopropylmethyl-1-11C-Methyl-3-Propylxanthine J. Nucl. Med., January 1, 2005; 46(1): 32 - 37. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W.-D. Heiss, J. Sobesky, and V. Hesselmann Identifying Thresholds for Penumbra and Irreversible Tissue Damage Stroke, November 1, 2004; 35(11_suppl_1): 2671 - 2674. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Giovacchini, A. Lerner, M. T. Toczek, C. Fraser, K. Ma, J. C. DeMar, P. Herscovitch, W. C. Eckelman, S. I. Rapoport, and R. E. Carson Brain Incorporation of 11C-Arachidonic Acid, Blood Volume, and Blood Flow in Healthy Aging: A Study With Partial-Volume Correction J. Nucl. Med., September 1, 2004; 45(9): 1471 - 1479. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. L. B. Ponto, D. S. O'Leary, J. Koeppel, R. I. Block, G. L. Watkins, J. C. W. Richmond, C. A. Ward, D. A. Clermont, B. A. Schmitt, and R. D. Hichwa Effect of Acute Marijuana on Cardiovascular Function and Central Nervous System Pharmacokinetics of [15O]Water: Effect in Occasional and Chronic Users J. Clin. Pharmacol., July 1, 2004; 44(7): 751 - 766. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Teves, T. O. Videen, P. E. Cryer, and W. J. Powers Activation of human medial prefrontal cortex during autonomic responses to hypoglycemia PNAS, April 20, 2004; 101(16): 6217 - 6221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Kajimura, M. Nishikawa, M. Uchiyama, M. Kato, T. Watanabe, T. Nakajima, T. Hori, T. Nakabayashi, M. Sekimoto, K. Ogawa, et al. Deactivation by Benzodiazepine of the Basal Forebrain and Amygdala in Normal Humans During Sleep: A Placebo-Controlled [15O]H2O PET Study Am J Psychiatry, April 1, 2004; 161(4): 748 - 751. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Yamauchi, H. Okazawa, K. Sugimoto, Y. Kishibe, and M. Takahashi The Effect of Deafferentation on Cerebral Blood Flow Response to Acetazolamide AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., January 1, 2004; 25(1): 92 - 96. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H Yamauchi, H Okazawa, Y Kishibe, K Sugimoto, and M Takahashi Oxygen extraction fraction and acetazolamide reactivity in symptomatic carotid artery disease J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, January 1, 2004; 75(1): 33 - 37. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Wells, T. Jones, and P. Price Assessment of Inter- and Intrapatient Variability in C15O2 Positron Emission Tomography Measurements of Blood Flow in Patients with Intra-abdominal Cancers Clin. Cancer Res., December 15, 2003; 9(17): 6350 - 6356. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G R Laking and P M Price Positron emission tomographic imaging of angiogenesis and vascular function Br. J. Radiol., December 1, 2003; 76(suppl_1): S50 - S59. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Schaller, R. Graf, Y. Sanada, M. Tolnay, G. Rosner, K. Wienhard, and W.-D. Heiss Hemodynamic Changes after Occlusion of the Posterior Superior Sagittal Sinus: An Experimental PET Study in Cats AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., October 1, 2003; 24(9): 1876 - 1880. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Paradiso, N. C. Andreasen, B. Crespo-Facorro, D. S. O'Leary, G. L. Watkins, L. L. Boles Ponto, and R. D. Hichwa Emotions in Unmedicated Patients With Schizophrenia During Evaluation With Positron Emission Tomography Am J Psychiatry, October 1, 2003; 160(10): 1775 - 1783. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Takamatsu, A. Noda, Y. Murakami, M. Tatsumi, R. Ichise, and S. Nishimura A PET Study After Treatment with an Anxiety-Provoking Agent, m-Chlorophenyl-Piperazine, in Conscious Rhesus Monkeys J. Nucl. Med., September 1, 2003; 44(9): 1516 - 1521. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T Hershey, K J Black, J L Carl, L McGee-Minnich, A Z Snyder, and J S Perlmutter Long term treatment and disease severity change brain responses to levodopa in Parkinson's disease J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, July 1, 2003; 74(7): 844 - 851. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Noda, H. Takamatsu, N. Matsuoka, S. Koyama, H. Tsukada, and S. Nishimura Effect of N-(4-Acetyl-1-piperazinyl)-p-fluorobenzamide Monohydrate (FK960), an Antidementia Drug with a Novel Mechanism of Action, on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Glucose Metabolism in Aged Rhesus Macaques Studied with Positron Emission Tomography J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., July 1, 2003; 306(1): 213 - 217. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Mukherjee, H. C. Kang, T. O. Videen, R. C. McKinstry, W. J. Powers, and C. P. Derdeyn Measurement of Cerebral Blood Flow in Chronic Carotid Occlusive Disease: Comparison of Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion MR Imaging with Positron Emission Tomography AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., May 1, 2003; 24(5): 862 - 871. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. L. Whiting, D. J. Madden, L. K. Langley, L. L. Denny, T. G. Turkington, J. M. Provenzale, T. C. Hawk, and R. E. Coleman Lexical and Sublexical Components of Age-related Changes in Neural Activation during Visual Word Identification J. Cogn. Neurosci., April 1, 2003; 15(3): 475 - 487. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.T. Toczek, R.E. Carson, L. Lang, Y. Ma, M.V. Spanaki, M.G. Der, S. Fazilat, L. Kopylev, P. Herscovitch, W.C. Eckelman, et al. PET imaging of 5-HT1A receptor binding in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy Neurology, March 11, 2003; 60(5): 749 - 756. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Kudo, S. Terae, C. Katoh, M. Oka, T. Shiga, N. Tamaki, and K. Miyasaka Quantitative Cerebral Blood Flow Measurement with Dynamic Perfusion CT Using the Vascular-Pixel Elimination Method: Comparison with H215O Positron Emission Tomography AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., March 1, 2003; 24(3): 419 - 426. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. L. Grady, A. R. McIntosh, S. Beig, M. L. Keightley, H. Burian, and S. E. Black Evidence from Functional Neuroimaging of a Compensatory Prefrontal Network in Alzheimer's Disease J. Neurosci., February 1, 2003; 23(3): 986 - 993. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Paradiso, R. G. Robinson, L. L. Boles Ponto, G. L. Watkins, and R. D. Hichwa Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Changes During Visually Induced Subjective Sadness in Healthy Elderly Persons J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, February 1, 2003; 15(1): 35 - 44. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. J. Black, T. Hershey, J. M. Koller, T. O. Videen, M. A. Mintun, J. L. Price, and J. S. Perlmutter A possible substrate for dopamine-related changes in mood and behavior: Prefrontal and limbic effects of a D3-preferring dopamine agonist PNAS, December 24, 2002; 99(26): 17113 - 17118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Rainville, R. K. Hofbauer, M. C. Bushnell, G. H. Duncan, and D. D. Price Hypnosis Modulates Activity in Brain Structures Involved in the Regulation of Consciousness J. Cogn. Neurosci., August 1, 2002; 14(6): 887 - 901. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Franck, D. S. O'Leary, M. Flaum, R. D. Hichwa, and N. C. Andreasen Cerebral Blood Flow Changes Associated With Schneiderian First-Rank Symptoms in Schizophrenia J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, August 1, 2002; 14(3): 277 - 282. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Heinke and C. Schwarzbauer In vivo imaging of anaesthetic action in humans: approaches with positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Br. J. Anaesth., July 1, 2002; 89(1): 112 - 122. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J. Hoekstra, S. G. Stroobants, O. S. Hoekstra, E. F. Smit, J. F. Vansteenkiste, and A. A. Lammertsma Measurement of Perfusion in Stage IIIA-N2 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Using H215O and Positron Emission Tomography Clin. Cancer Res., July 1, 2002; 8(7): 2109 - 2115. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Yamauchi, H. Okazawa, Y. Kishibe, K. Sugimoto, and M. Takahashi Changes in Blood Flow and Oxygen Metabolism During Visual Stimulation in Carotid Artery Disease: Effect of Baseline Perfusion and Oxygen Metabolism Stroke, May 1, 2002; 33(5): 1294 - 1300. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Fischman, H. Hsu, E. A. Carter, Y. M. Yu, R. G. Tompkins, J. L. Guerrero, V. R. Young, and N. M. Alpert Regional measurement of canine skeletal muscle blood flow by positron emission tomography with H215O J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2002; 92(4): 1709 - 1716. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. K. Schultz, D. S. O'Leary, L. L. Boles Ponto, S. Arndt, V. Magnotta, G. L. Watkins, R. D. Hichwa, and N. C. Andreasen Age and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Schizophrenia: Age Effects in Anterior Cingulate, Frontal, and Parietal Cortex J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, February 1, 2002; 14(1): 19 - 24. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. L. Roskies, J. A. Fiez, D. A. Balota, M. E. Raichle, and S. E. Petersen Task-Dependent Modulation of Regions in the Left Inferior Frontal Cortex During Semantic Processing J. Cogn. Neurosci., August 1, 2001; 13(6): 829 - 843. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. J. Powers, A. R. Zazulia, T. O. Videen, R. E. Adams, K.D. Yundt, V. Aiyagari, R. L. Grubb Jr., and M. N. Diringer Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow surrounding acute (6 to 22 hours) intracerebral hemorrhage Neurology, July 10, 2001; 57(1): 18 - 24. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. K. Hofbauer, P. Rainville, G. H. Duncan, and M. C. Bushnell Cortical Representation of the Sensory Dimension of Pain J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2001; 86(1): 402 - 411. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Okazawa and M. Vafaee Effect of Vascular Radioactivity on Regional Values of Cerebral Blood Flow: Evaluation of Methods for H215O PET to Distinguish Cerebral Perfusion from Blood Volume J. Nucl. Med., July 1, 2001; 42(7): 1032 - 1039. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Minoshima and R. A. Koeppe Distinction Between Cerebral Blood Flow and Vascular Activity by PET Tracer Kinetic Analysis: Practical and Physiologic Considerations J. Nucl. Med., July 1, 2001; 42(7): 1040 - 1042. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Ouchi, H. Okada, E. Yoshikawa, M. Futatsubashi, and S. Nobezawa Absolute Changes in Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Association with Upright Posture in Humans: An Orthostatic PET Study J. Nucl. Med., May 1, 2001; 42(5): 707 - 712. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. F. Muzic Jr. and S. Cornelius COMKAT: Compartment Model Kinetic Analysis Tool J. Nucl. Med., April 1, 2001; 42(4): 636 - 645. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. T. Grafton, J. Salidis, and D. B. Willingham Motor Learning of Compatible and Incompatible Visuomotor Maps J. Cogn. Neurosci., March 1, 2001; 13(2): 217 - 231. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Simpson Jr., W. C. Drevets, A. Z. Snyder, D. A. Gusnard, and M. E. Raichle Emotion-induced changes in human medial prefrontal cortex: II. During anticipatory anxiety PNAS, January 16, 2001; 98(2): 688 - 693. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W.-D. Heiss, L. W. Kracht, A. Thiel, M. Grond, and G. Pawlik Penumbral probability thresholds of cortical flumazenil binding and blood flow predicting tissue outcome in patients with cerebral ischaemia Brain, January 1, 2001; 124(1): 20 - 29. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Lodge, R. E. Carson, J. A. Carrasquillo, M. Whatley, S. K. Libutti, and S. L. Bacharach Parametric Images of Blood Flow in Oncology PET Studies Using [15O]Water J. Nucl. Med., November 1, 2000; 41(11): 1784 - 1792. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Krueger, H. Kugel, M. Grond, A. Thiel, D. Maintz, and K. Lackner Late Resolution of Diffusion-Weighted MRI Changes in a Patient With Prolonged Reversible Ischemic Neurological Deficit After Thrombolytic Therapy Stroke, November 1, 2000; 31(11): 2715 - 2718. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Y. Bookheimer, T. A. Zeffiro, T. A. Blaxton, W. Gaillard, and W. H. Theodore Activation of language cortex with automatic speech tasks Neurology, October 24, 2000; 55(8): 1151 - 1157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-K. Zubieta, P. Huguelet, L. E. Ohl, R. A. Koeppe, M. R. Kilbourn, J. M. Carr, B. J. Giordani, and K. A. Frey High Vesicular Monoamine Transporter Binding in Asymptomatic Bipolar I Disorder: Sex Differences and Cognitive Correlates Am J Psychiatry, October 1, 2000; 157(10): 1619 - 1628. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Iida, Y. Tamura, K. Kitamura, P. M. Bloomfield, S. Eberl, and Y. Ono Histochemical Correlates of 15O-Water-Perfusable Tissue Fraction in Experimental Canine Studies of Old Myocardial Infarction J. Nucl. Med., October 1, 2000; 41(10): 1737 - 1745. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. J. Black, T. Hershey, M. H. Gado, and J. S. Perlmutter Dopamine D1 Agonist Activates Temporal Lobe Structures in Primates J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2000; 84(1): 549 - 557. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-J. Kim, S. Mohamed, N. C. Andreasen, D. S. O’Leary, G. L. Watkins, L. L. Boles Ponto, and R. D. Hichwa Regional Neural Dysfunctions in Chronic Schizophrenia Studied With Positron Emission Tomography Am J Psychiatry, April 1, 2000; 157(4): 542 - 548. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Manzione, G. C. Newman, A. Shapiro, and R. Santo-Ocampo Diffusion- and Perfusion-Weighted MR Imaging of Dural Sinus Thrombosis AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., January 1, 2000; 21(1): 68 - 73. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Grond, R. von Kummer, J. Sobesky, S. Schmulling, J. Rudolf, K. Terstegge, and W.-D. Heiss Early X-Ray Hypoattenuation of Brain Parenchyma Indicates Extended Critical Hypoperfusion in Acute Stroke Stroke, January 1, 2000; 31(1): 133 - 139. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Kajimura, M. Uchiyama, Y. Takayama, S. Uchida, T. Uema, M. Kato, M. Sekimoto, T. Watanabe, T. Nakajima, S. Horikoshi, et al. Activity of Midbrain Reticular Formation and Neocortex during the Progression of Human Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep J. Neurosci., November 15, 1999; 19(22): 10065 - 10073. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Kahane, I. Merlet, M. C. Gregoire, C. Munari, J. Perret, and F. Mauguiere An H215O-PET study of cerebral blood flow changes during focal epileptic discharges induced by intracerebral electrical stimulation Brain, October 1, 1999; 122(10): 1851 - 1865. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Peyron, L. Garcia-Larrea, M.-C. Gregoire, N. Costes, P. Convers, F. Lavenne, F. Mauguiere, D. Michel, and B. Laurent Haemodynamic brain responses to acute pain in humans: Sensory and attentional networks Brain, September 1, 1999; 122(9): 1765 - 1780. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 |
