FIGURE 3. A 62-y-old man with history of locally advanced adenocarcinoma of distal esophagus after neoadjuvant therapy, with partial response, determined by outside ¹⁸F-FDG PET study. Patient had undergone esophagectomy and gastric pull-up surgery and now was referred for ¹⁸F-FDG PET scan to evaluate disease status 6 mo after completion of neoadjuvant therapy and surgery. Coronal CT (left), PET (middle), and PET/CT (right) images demonstrate intense ¹⁸F-FDG uptake in midline in midchest, corresponding to tracheobronchial lymph nodes, consistent with metastatic disease (arrows). Patient’s disease progressed, and patient died within 3 mo after study. This study emphasizes that ¹⁸F-FDG PET after neoadjuvant therapy appears to predict prognosis with high accuracy; median survival time of nonresponders is much shorter than that of responders. Note postsurgical anatomic changes in right upper chest secondary to gastric pull-up surgery on CT image (left; arrowhead). PET/CT studies were obtained on a GE Discovery LS unit—a PET/CT fusion system combining GE LightSpeed multislice CT and Advance NXi PET (GE Medical Systems).